ROBERT M. LEVY, Magistrate Judge.
Plaintiff José Maldonado, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, moves to conditionally certify a collective action under section 216(b) of the Fair Labor Standards Act (the "FLSA"), 29 U.S.C. §§ 201-219, on his claims for unpaid overtime payments. Plaintiff seeks an order conditionally certifying a class of similarly situated employees and authorizing plaintiff to distribute his proposed notice of lawsuit to the class pursuant to the FLSA.
Plaintiff filed his complaint on July 3, 2014, alleging that defendants Arcadia Business Corp. ("Arcadia"), Academic Stone Setters, Inc. ("Academic Stone Setters"), Academic Stone Inc. ("Academic Stone" with Academic Stone Setters, "Academic"), Petrillo Stone Corporation, James Donaghy, and Josephine O'Grady (collectively, "defendants") engaged in various unlawful employment practices. (
Plaintiff also seeks an order: (1) directing Academic to give to plaintiff's counsel a list of all members of the defined class, including their names, social security numbers, addresses, telephone numbers, and email addresses; (2) directing Academic to post the notice at their headquarters; (3) authorizing plaintiff to circulate notice to all class members; and (4) allowing similarly situated individuals sixty (60) days to opt into this case. (Pl.'s Mem. at 1-2.)
Plaintiff states that he was employed by Academic as a stone setter and stone setter helper from approximately 2004 to December 2012, and claims that he is owed unpaid overtime for that period. (Declaration of José Maldonado, sworn to Dec. 15, 2014 ("Maldonado Decl.") ¶ 5, annexed as Ex. 1 to the Declaration of Michael Taubenfeld, Esq., dated Dec. 15, 2014 ("Taubenfeld Decl.").) He alleges that he began as a stone setter's helper in 2004 and was promoted to a stone setter in about 2009. (
Plaintiff claims that he worked for Arcadia from December 2011 through March 2012 and that his typical hours from December 2011 to January 2012 were from 5:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m., but does not state how many days per week during that period. (Maldonado Decl. ¶¶ 42-43.) From January through March 2012 he worked Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. and Saturday and Sunday from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 or 5:00 p.m. (
Plaintiff also states that he observed that Academic required other employees to work more than forty hours each week without paying them overtime and provides the names of several employees who told him they were paid in the same daily-rate manner as plaintiff. (
Plaintiff argues that the two Academic defendants are a single employer. In support of that argument, he alleges that: (1) the two Academic defendants are both owned by defendant Donaghy; (2) the businesses are managed by Donaghy; (3) both businesses are operated out of the same yard; and (4) they have similar pay policies and practices, at least in terms of Saturday payment. (Maldonado Decl. ¶¶ 12-19; Maldonado Reply Decl. ¶¶ 5, 7-10; Oral Argument Transcript, dated Mar. 3, 2015, Dkt. No. 43 ("Tr."), at 21.) He also alleges that, although Academic Stone Setters is a union shop and Academic Stone is not, both union and non-union employees were "improperly paid in cash by [Academic] . . . [and] [a]s with the nonunion employees, many of the union employees were not paid overtime." (Maldonado Reply Decl. ¶¶ 6-12.)
Academic opposes the motion, arguing that: (1) plaintiff failed to make a "factual showing that he and other potential plaintiffs were victims of a common policy or plan violative of the law"; and (2) the two Academic defendants are not a single employer. (Memorandum in Opposition, dated Jan. 8, 2015, Dkt. No. 39 ("Academic Opp'n"), at 1.)
The FLSA's collective action provision allows "similarly situated" employees to opt into a named plaintiff's wage claims by signing and filing with the court a consent to joinder.
"Courts within this Circuit apply a two-step process to determine whether an action should be certified as a FLSA collective action."
In order to determine whether two entities should be regarded as a single employer, the court looks to four factors: "(1) interrelated operations, (2) common management, (3) centralized control of labor relations, and (4) common ownership."
Academic's arguments raise factual disputes concerning the merits of plaintiff's claims. However, at this preliminary stage, "the court does not resolve factual disputes, decide substantive issues going to the ultimate merits, or make credibility determinations."
In regards to the joint enterprise theory, plaintiff has alleged that: (1) the two Academic defendants are both owned and managed by Donaghy; (2) both businesses are operated out of the same yard; and (3) they have similar pay policies and practices. (Maldonado Decl. ¶¶ 12-19; Maldonado Reply Decl. ¶¶ 5, 7-10.) As to whether other employees are similarly situated, plaintiff provides an affidavit, in which he states that other employees performed similar work to him and were paid in a similar manner. (Maldonado Decl. ¶¶ 13-16, 64-67; Maldonado Reply Decl. ¶¶ 13-14.) Although he was not a stone setter's helper during the relevant limitations period, the duties he allegedly performed as both a stone setter and stone setter's helper overlap. Plaintiff further asserts that, based on his observations and conversations with coworkers, he believes this practice to be widespread as to stone setters, stone setter helpers, and other employees with similar job duties. (Maldonado Decl. ¶¶ 64-67; Maldonado Reply Decl. ¶¶ 13-14.)
At oral argument, Academic argued that the proposed class of "stone setters, stone setter helpers, and people performing similar duties," was not sufficiently clear and, essentially, that "for various factual reasons . . . the catchall [phrase]" was inadequate. (Tr. at 25-26.) However, I find plaintiff's sworn statement sufficient to make the modest showing required for conditional certification. Further, I find that the description of "stone setters, stone setters helpers, and employees performing similar duties" is sufficiently clear in the context of the industry. (
Courts have "broad discretion to craft appropriate notices" in order to provide employees with "accurate and timely notice concerning the pendency of the collective action, so that they can make informed decisions about whether to participate."
Plaintiff proposes sending the notice to employees who worked for defendants within the three years preceding the commencement of this action. (
For the reasons set forth above, plaintiff's motion for conditional certification of an FLSA collective action, and for court-authorized notice, is granted. Plaintiff's counsel shall modify the notice in accordance with this order and shall electronically file the revised notice within fourteen (14) days. The Academic defendants shall produce a list of the names, addresses, email addresses, and telephone numbers of potential class members to plaintiff's counsel by the same date. Plaintiff's counsel shall mail the revised notice to all potential plaintiffs no later than ten (10) days following defendants' disclosure of the contact information.