LOUISE WOOD FLANAGAN, District Judge.
This matter is before the court on petitioner's motion to vacate, set aside, or correct sentence, made pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, as corrected and amended. (DE 51, 57). Also before the court is the government's motion to dismiss. (DE 64). The issues raised are ripe for ruling.
On August 13, 2015, pursuant to a written plea agreement, petitioner pleaded guilty to conspiracy to defraud the United States on claims, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 286 (count 1), and aggravated identity theft, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028A (count 35). As part of her plea agreement, petitioner agreed to waive the right to challenge her conviction or sentence on collateral review with the exception of claims of ineffective assistance of counsel or prosecutorial misconduct not known at the time of petitioner's guilty plea. (Plea Agreement (DE 22) at 1-2). At sentencing on February 17, 2016, the government requested a 25 percent reduction from the advisory guideline range as to count 1, requesting a sentence of 42 months on count 1 and 24 months on count 35, to be served consecutively. (Sentencing (DE 49) at 17). The court stated it was "going to honor the Government's motion to depart downward," but sentenced petitioner to a total of 90 months imprisonment.
On March 20, 2017, petitioner filed the instant motion to vacate pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, 1) challenging the constitutionality of her enhanced sentence based on the amount of money stolen. On May 23, 2017, petitioner filed her corrected motion to vacate, arguing ineffective assistance of counsel in that her counsel 2) failed to file a timely notice of appeal and falsely represented to petitioner and her family that such an appeal had been filed; 3) failed to object to ambiguity in petitioner's sentence; 4) failed to object to the amount of money calculated as having been lost as a result of petitioner's offense and failed to investigate the actual amount lost; and 5) failed to question how the court calculated the terms of supervised release. On July 3, 2017, the government filed its motion to dismiss petitioner's § 2255 motion, arguing 1) petitioner's motion should be dismissed for being untimely or 2) petitioner's first, third, fourth, and fifth claims should be dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
A petitioner seeking relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 must show that "the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States, or that the court was without jurisdiction to impose such sentence, or that the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law, or is otherwise subject to collateral attack." 28 U.S.C. § 2255(a). "Unless the motion and the files and records of the case conclusively show that the prisoner is entitled to no relief, the court shall . . . grant a prompt hearing thereon, determine the issues and make findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect thereto."
A one-year period of limitations applies to § 2255 motions.
Petitioner's motion is untimely. However, petitioner has alleged sufficient facts to permit an inference that she isentitled to equitable tolling. In order to prevail on an equitable tolling theory, a petitioner must demonstrate: 1) she has been pursuing her rights diligently, and 2) some extraordinary circumstance stood in her way.
Petitioner alleges that her family provided counsel $6,000.00 and received word from counsel that an appeal had been filed in her case on approximately March 24, 2016. (DE 68 at 1). At this time, petitioner had self-surrendered to Lexington, Kentucky and was notified of the alleged filing of the appeal. (
Although the government argues that petitioner has not alleged facts sufficient to show, pursuant to
Therefore, petitioner has raised a genuine issue of fact regarding application of equitable tolling. Accordingly, the court turns to the merits of petitioner's claims.
As stated above, petitioner challenges the constitutionality of her enhanced sentence and alleges multiple grounds to support her ineffective assistance of counsel claim.
Petitioner's constitutional challenge is barred by the waiver in her plea agreement. (Plea Agreement (DE 22) at 1-2). As part of her plea agreement, petitioner agreed to waive the right to challenge her conviction or sentence in any post-conviction matter, subject to exceptions not applicable here. (
Analysis of an ineffective assistance of counsel claim requires application of the two-part test established by
Only petitioner's claim alleging counsel failed to file a requested appeal meets the above standard. "[W]here [a] defendant unequivocally instructs an attorney to file a timely notice of appeal, prejudice is presumed because it results in the `forfeiture' of the appellate proceeding."
Accordingly, "when a defendant brings a § 2255 claim based on his attorney's failure to file a requested notice of appeal, the district court should hold a hearing if it is unclear in the record whether the attorney was so instructed."
Therefore, the court will refer the matter to a magistrate judge to conduct the evidentiary hearing and to make findings of fact and proposed conclusions of law regarding the merit of this claim. Because the court has determined that an evidentiary hearing is warranted, the court "must appoint an attorney to represent" petitioner, under 18 U.S.C. § 3006A, at the evidentiary hearing. Rule 8(c) of the Rules Governing § 2255 Proceedings. Accordingly, the court will direct the Federal Public Defender to oversee appointment of counsel for purposes of representing petitioner at the evidentiary hearing. Further, because of the nature of the ineffective assistance of counsel inquiry at this time, petitioner's presence is required at this evidentiary hearing.
Turning to the other grounds alleged by petitioner as to ineffective assistance of counsel, the grounds alleged fail under the
Second, petitioner argues counsel failed to object to the amount of money calculated to have been lost as a result of petitioner's offense. Petitioner agreed to the amount of money lost at her arraignment (Arraignment (DE 50) at 30) and as part of her plea agreement (Plea Agreement (DE 22) at 8, ¶ 5(b)). Petitioner's allegation that the amount of lost money attributed to her should have been lower due to the amount received by others involved in the operation does not take into account petitioner's leadership role in this offense. (Presentencing Report (DE 29) at 10, ¶ 56; 4, ¶ 10). As a result, petitioner fails both prongs of
Third, petitioner argues counsel failed to move for a clarification of the supervised release terms. Petitioner was sentenced under count one to three years of supervised release and under count two to one year of supervised release, and both sentences were ordered to run concurrently with each other. (Sentencing (DE 49) at 21; Judgment (DE 35) at 3). These terms of supervised release were consistent with the maximum terms of supervised release referenced in the plea agreement. (Plea Agreement (DE 22) at 5-6). Therefore, counsel's performance did not fall below an "objective standard of reasonableness" in not questioning a sentence that was within the range found in petitioner's plea agreement.
Based on the foregoing, the government's motion to dismiss is GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN PART. (DE 64). Petitioner first, third, fourth, and fifth claims for relief are DISMISSED. (DE 51, 57). Petitioner's second claim for ineffective assistance of counsel in failing to notice appeal shall proceed to evidentiary hearing. The court DIRECTS the clerk to refer the matter to United States Magistrate Judge Robert T. Numbers, II, to schedule and conduct an evidentiary hearing on petitioner's second claim for ineffective assistance of counsel in failing to notice appeal, in accordance with the foregoing. Thereafter, the magistrate judge shall make findings of fact and conclusions of law in a memorandum and recommendation on the issues of equitable tolling and/or petitioner's remaining ineffective assistance of counsel claim, as set forth herein. The court DIRECTS the Federal Public Defender to oversee appointment of counsel for purposes of representing petitioner at the evidentiary hearing. Where petitioner's presence is required at hearing, once the hearing is scheduled, the government, in consultation with the United States Marshal's Service, is DIRECTED to take necessary steps to secure the attendance of petitioner at the evidentiary hearing.
SO ORDERED.