S. ARTHUR SPIEGEL, Senior District Judge.
This matter is before the Court on Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's Amended Complaint Or, in the Alternative, Motion to Reconsider (doc. 107), Plaintiff's Response in Opposition (doc. 108), and Defendant's Reply (doc. 109). For the reasons indicated herein, the Court GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART Defendant's Motion.
This case is about a long-term African-American employee of Defendant, who shortly after taking leave, was fired. Plaintiff contends he was wrongfully terminated in retaliation for having filed three discrimination complaints, and after he took Family and Medical Leave Act ("FMLA") leave. Defendant contends it fired Plaintiff rather for expressing homicidal thoughts to a company-retained doctor, to the effect that he felt like taking a gun to work and shooting some one. Defendant claims to have a "zero-tolerance" policy for workplace violence, and Plaintiff's termination was based on such policy. At the time of his discharge, Plaintiff was two years short of vesting in optimal retirement benefits.
Plaintiff originally filed his Complaint in the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas (doc. 2); Defendant removed the action to this Court in December 2008 (doc. 1). Plaintiff went through two attorneys, one of whom was disbarred, before being represented by current counsel (doc. 27).
The Court denied Defendant summary judgment as to Plaintiff's retaliation and Family Medical and Leave Act ("FMLA") claims on October 5, 2010 (doc. 40). The Court further denied Defendant's Renewed Motion for Summary Judgment, that was premised on the theory that Plaintiff's case should be dismissed after three witnesses recanted their testimony (doc. 101). The Court denied such motion, finding it a jury question to evaluate the credibility of the testimony of the witnesses (
At the January 6, 2012 conference, Plaintiff requested the Court for leave to amend the Complaint to add a disability claim (doc. 103). The Court granted such leave finding it appropriate to allow an amendment of the pleadings "to conform them to the evidence and raise an unpleaded issue" (
A motion to dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) requires the Court to determine whether a cognizable claim has been pled in the complaint. The basic federal pleading requirement is contained in Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a), which requires that a pleading "contain . . . a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief."
A motion to dismiss is therefore a vehicle to screen out those cases that are impossible as well as those that are implausible.
The admonishment to construe the plaintiff's claim liberally when evaluating a motion to dismiss does not relieve a plaintiff of his obligation to satisfy federal notice pleading requirements and allege more than bare assertions of legal conclusions. Wright, Miller & Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure: § 1357 at 596 (1969). "In practice, a complaint . . . must contain either direct or inferential allegations respecting all of the material elements [in order] to sustain a recovery under some viable legal theory."
Defendant contends in its motion that all of Plaintiff's state law claims are related to the allegation that Ford wrongfully denied him retirement benefits, and as such, all of his state law claims are preempted by the Employee Income Security Act ("ERISA"), 29 U.S.C. § 1144(a) (doc. 107). Defendant further contends it was clear error for the Court to allow Plaintiff to amend his Complaint at the "eve of trial" to add a disability claim, that Plaintiff's motion to amend was made in bad faith, and in any event, when an employee makes a threat of violence, he loses all protection of disability discrimination statutes (
Plaintiff responds that Defendant's motion is simply a reversion to "its usual scorched earth tactic of asking the court to again reverse its previous decision," and that because the trial was postponed to allow for further discovery, Ford suffers no prejudice from the addition of the disability claim (doc. 108). Plaintiff further contends that its state law claims are the same claims pending from the onset of this litigation, some five years ago (
As for his disability claim, Plaintiff responds that his claim under Ohio law is not precluded as his situation is different from that in
Finally, Plaintiff contends Defendant's alternative motion for reconsideration should be denied (
In Reply, Defendant reiterates its view that all of Plaintiff's state law claims relate to an ERISA benefits plan, and therefore are preempted (doc. 109). Defendant contends there is no question that Plaintiff's second claim for relief relates to a retirement plan, and it is thus "disingenuous at best" for Plaintiff to argue his Amended Complaint has nothing to do with ERISA (
As an initial matter, the Court finds the hyperbole used by both sides in their briefing bordering on shrill. There is no need for counsel to accuse one another of lack of good faith, underhanded tactics, or of "tortured logic," and "bluster." The Court appreciates the efforts of counsel to advance the interests of their respective parties, but finds such language unhelpful.
Having reviewed this matter, the Court finds well-taken Defendant's position that Plaintiff's Amended Complaint includes a second count, which explicitly references "wrongful denial of retirement benefits" that is preempted by ERISA. However, the Court also agrees with Plaintiff's position that it would be overreaching to consider Plaintiff's remaining state law claims as similarly preempted. Plaintiff's first claim remains a claim for retaliation for having made civil rights complaints. The fact that he allegedly suffered various damages, including among such damages reduced retirement benefits, does not convert his civil rights claim into an ERISA claim.
The Court has already issued a ruling regarding Plaintiff's expression to his doctor, and in its view, it is clearly in question whether Plaintiff's words constituted a
As a final matter, the Court sees no real prejudice that has accrued to Defendant by allowing Plaintiff to amend his Complaint. The trial has been postponed, and Defendant has had time to conduct any necessary discovery. As such, the Court finds no basis to reconsider its ruling granting Plaintiff leave to amend his Complaint.
The Court finds that Count Two of Plaintiff's Amended Complaint is preempted by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, 29 U.S.C. § 1144(a). However, the Court rejects Defendant's contention that the remaining state law claims in Plaintiff's complaint are similarly barred, as such claims relate to retaliation for filing civil rights complaints. The Court further finds no basis to dismiss Plaintiff's disability claim, as such claim is plausible under the facts alleged in this case.
Accordingly, the Court GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's Amended Complaint Or, in the Alternative, Motion to Reconsider (doc. 107), only to the extent that it dismisses Count Two of Plaintiff's Amended Complaint as preempted by ERISA. The Court further DENIES Defendant's Alternate Motion for Reconsideration (doc. 107).
SO ORDERED.