Plaintiff-appellant Monet Dowrich-Weeks ("Weeks") appeals from the district court's judgment entered September 4, 2012, dismissing her claims of discrimination and constructive discharge on the basis of gender, race, and religion, in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Title VII"), 42 U.S.C. § 1981, the New York State Human Rights Law ("NYSHRL"), and the New York City Human Rights Law ("NYCHRL"), and her claim of hostile work environment in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1981, against defendant-appellee Cooper Square Realty, Inc. ("Cooper Square"). See Dowrich-Weeks v. Cooper Square Realty, Inc., No. 11 Civ. 5966, 2012 WL 3826981 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 4, 2012). On de novo review of a motion to dismiss, we must "accept all allegations in the complaint as true and draw all inferences in the non-moving party's favor." Miller v. Wolpoff & Abramson, L.L.P., 321 F.3d 292, 300 (2d Cir. 2003) (internal quotation marks omitted). In conducting that review here, we assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history of the case, as well as the issues presented for review.
On appeal, Weeks argues that she established a prima facie case of intentional discrimination on the basis of gender and pregnancy.
Weeks alleges that she endured the following adverse employment actions: (1) A Cooper Square vice-president made negative remarks about her to a client; (2) Weeks was moved from an office to a cubicle; (3) Weeks was not permitted to take advantage of an alternative work schedule that allowed periodic work from home; and (4) Weeks was "demoted" from "Residential Manager" with oversight responsibilities over four-to-five residential properties to "On-Site Property Manager" with oversight responsibilities over only one property. None of the first three actions constitutes "a materially adverse change in the terms and conditions of employment" because such actions "must be more disruptive than a mere convenience or an alteration of job responsibilities." Mathirampuzha v. Potter, 548 F.3d 70, 78 (2d Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks and emphasis omitted). As to the fourth action, Weeks alleges no facts supporting her conclusory assertion that she was "demoted," such as her having received "a decrease in wage or salary, a less distinguished title, a material loss of benefits, significantly diminished material responsibilities, or other indices unique to a particular situation." Joseph v. Leavitt, 465 F.3d 87, 90 (2d Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks omitted). As Weeks did not allege that she suffered a materially adverse employment action, the district court properly dismissed her Title VII and NYSHRL discrimination claims.
"Constructive discharge of an employee occurs when an employer, rather than directly discharging an individual, intentionally creates an intolerable work atmosphere that forces an employee to quit involuntarily." Whidbee v. Garzarelli Food Specialties, Inc., 223 F.3d 62, 73 (2d Cir. 2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). "[A] constructive discharge cannot be proven merely by evidence that an employee disagreed with the employer's criticisms of the quality of [her] work, or did not receive a raise, or preferred not to continue working for that employer. Nor is the test merely whether the employee's working conditions were difficult or unpleasant." Spence v. Md. Cas. Co., 995 F.2d 1147, 1156 (2d Cir. 1993). Rather, a "plaintiff may prove a constructive discharge by establishing that [her] `employer, rather than acting directly, deliberately made [her] working conditions so intolerable that [s]he was forced into an involuntary resignation,' i.e., `so difficult or unpleasant that a reasonable person in the employee's shoes would have felt compelled to resign.'" Kirsch v. Fleet St., Ltd., 148 F.3d 149, 161 (2d Cir. 1998) (quoting Pena v. Brattleboro Retreat, 702 F.2d 322, 325 (2d Cir. 1983) (internal alteration omitted)).
The allegations presented in the complaint as described supra do not rise to this level when considered either individually or cumulatively. See Chertkova v. Conn. Gen. Life Ins. Co., 92 F.3d 81, 90 (2d Cir. 1996). We have previously found that conditions similar to those alleged by Weeks fall short of the standard for constructive discharge. See Wanamaker v. Columbian Rope Co., 108 F.2d 462, 466 (2d Cir. 1997) (noting that the "denial of an office and telephone. . . standing alone, has never been held adverse action"); Stetson v. NYNEX Serv. Co., 995 F.2d 355, 360 (2d Cir. 1993) ("Nor is it sufficient that the employee feels that the quality of his work has been unfairly criticized."); Pena, 702 F.2d at 325-26 (holding that an employee cannot establish constructive discharge because he was dissatisfied with the nature of his assignments). Further, Weeks' claim of constructive discharge is undermined by the allegation in her complaint that she did not resign because of conditions at her workplace, but rather because "she could not arrange for childcare for five days a week." For these reasons, the district court properly dismissed Weeks' claim of constructive discharge.
To state a claim for a hostile work environment under federal law, a plaintiff must show that "the complained of conduct: (1) is objectively severe or pervasive — that is, creates an environment that a reasonable person would find hostile or abusive; (2) creates an environment that the plaintiff subjectively perceives as hostile or abusive; and (3) creates such an environment because of the plaintiff's sex." Patane v. Clark, 508 F.3d 106, 113 (2d Cir. 2007) (per curiam) (internal quotation marks and ellipsis omitted).
Weeks' hostile work environment claim fails for many of the same reasons as her constructive discharge and discrimination claims. Conduct alleged to have created a hostile work environment "must be more than episodic; [it] must be sufficiently continuous and concerted in order to be deemed pervasive." Alfano v. Costello, 294 F.3d 365, 374 (2d Cir. 2002) (internal quotation marks omitted). Weeks' allegations consist of several isolated incidents over the course of a two-year period that do not rise to the level of frequency or severity necessary to establish a hostile work environment claim. Further, as discussed supra, Weeks has not presented sufficient factual allegations to suggest that "the harassment she faced was rooted in her sex" or any other protected characteristic. Brown, 257 F.3d at 255. Accordingly, the district court properly dismissed Weeks' hostile work environment claim.
We have considered all of Weeks' remaining arguments and found each of them to be without merit. Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.