GREG WHITE, Magistrate Judge.
Plaintiff Bophany Chhay ("Chhay") challenges the final decision of the Acting Commissioner of Social Security, Carolyn W. Colvin ("Commissioner"), denying Chhay's claim for a Period of Disability ("POD") and Disability Insurance Benefits ("DIB") under Title(s) II and XVI of the Social Security Act ("Act"), 42 U.S.C. §§ 416(i), 423, 1381 et seq. This matter is before the Court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) and the consent of the parties entered under the authority of 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)(2).
For the reasons set forth below, the final decision of the Commissioner is AFFIRMED.
On April 5, 2010, Chhay filed an application for POD and DIB alleging a disability onset date of October 1, 2009. (Tr. 10.) Her application was denied both initially and upon reconsideration. Chhay timely requested an administrative hearing. Id.
On December 19, 2011, an Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") held a hearing during which Chhay, represented by counsel, an impartial medical expert ("ME"), and an impartial vocational expert ("VE") testified. (Tr. 10.) On May 23, 2012, the ALJ found Chhay was able to perform her past relevant work and, therefore, was not disabled. (Tr. 21-23.) The ALJ's decision became final when the Appeals Council denied further review.
Born in 1964 according to official records, Chhay was age forty-seven (47) at the time of her administrative hearing and forty-five (45) on her alleged onset date. (Tr. 35-36.) As such, she is a "younger" person under social security regulations.
In order to establish entitlement to DIB under the Act, a claimant must be insured at the time of disability and must prove an inability to engage "in substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment," or combination of impairments, that can be expected to "result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months." 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.130, 404.315 and 404.1505(a).
A claimant is entitled to a POD only if: (1) she had a disability; (2) she was insured when she became disabled; and (3) she filed while she was disabled or within twelve months of the date the disability ended. 42 U.S.C. § 416(i)(2)(E); 20 C.F.R. § 404.320.
Chhay was insured on her alleged disability onset date, October 1, 2009, and remained insured through the date of the ALJ's decision, May 23, 2012. (Tr. 12.) Therefore, in order to be entitled to POD and DIB, Chhay must establish a continuous twelve month period of disability commencing between these dates. Any discontinuity in the twelve month period precludes an entitlement to benefits. See Mullis v. Bowen, 861 F.2d 991, 994 (6
The ALJ found Chhay established medically determinable, severe impairments, due to degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine, lumbar spine strain and/or strain, tendinosis and partial thickness tear of the inferior aspect of the left shoulder, degenerative joint disease of the right shoulder, and degenerative joint disease of both knees. (Tr. 12-13.) However, her impairments, either singularly or in combination, did not meet or equal one listed in 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1. (Tr. 13.) Chhay was found capable of performing her past relevant work as an inspector, and was determined to have a Residual Functional Capacity ("RFC") for a limited range of sedentary work. (Tr. 15-16, 21.) The ALJ then used the Medical Vocational Guidelines ("the grid") as a framework and VE testimony to determine that Chhay was not disabled. (Tr. 22-23.)
This Court's review is limited to determining whether there is substantial evidence in the record to support the ALJ's findings of fact and whether the correct legal standards were applied. See Elam v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 348 F.3d 124, 125 (6
The findings of the Commissioner are not subject to reversal merely because there exists in the record substantial evidence to support a different conclusion. Buxton v. Halter, 246 F.3d 762, 772-3 (6
In addition to considering whether the Commissioner's decision was supported by substantial evidence, the Court must determine whether proper legal standards were applied. Failure of the Commissioner to apply the correct legal standards as promulgated by the regulations is grounds for reversal. See, e.g., White v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 572 F.3d 272, 281 (6
Finally, a district court cannot uphold an ALJ's decision, even if there "is enough evidence in the record to support the decision, [where] the reasons given by the trier of fact do not build an accurate and logical bridge between the evidence and the result." Fleischer v. Astrue, 774 F.Supp.2d 875, 877 (N.D. Ohio 2011) (quoting Sarchet v. Chater, 78 F.3d 305, 307 (7
Chhay argues that the ALJ erred by failing to give good reasons for rejecting the opinion of one of her treating physicians, Naryana Dasari, M.D. (ECF No. 13 at 9-13.) The Commissioner argues that substantial evidence supports the weight the ALJ ascribed to Dr. Dasari's opinions. (ECF No. 16 at 16-19.)
Under Social Security regulations, the opinion of a treating physician is entitled to controlling weight if such opinion (1) "is well-supported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques" and (2) "is not inconsistent with the other substantial evidence in [the] case record." Meece v. Barnhart, 2006 WL 2271336 at * 4 (6
If the ALJ determines a treating source opinion is not entitled to controlling weight, "the ALJ must provide `good reasons' for discounting [the opinion], reasons that are `sufficiently specific to make clear to any subsequent reviewers the weight the adjudicator gave to the treating source's medical opinion and the reasons for that weight.'" Rogers, 486 F.3d at 242 (quoting Soc. Sec. Ruling 96-2p, 1996 SSR LEXIS 9 at * 5). The purpose of this requirement is two-fold. First, a sufficiently clear explanation "`let[s] claimants understand the disposition of their cases,' particularly where a claimant knows that his physician has deemed him disabled and therefore `might be bewildered when told by an administrative bureaucracy that she is not, unless some reason for the agency's decision is supplied.'" Id. (quoting Wilson v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 544 (6
Nevertheless, the opinion of a treating physician must be based on sufficient medical data, and upon detailed clinical and diagnostic test evidence. See Harris v. Heckler, 756 F.2d 431, 435 (6
There appears to be no dispute that Dr. Dasari qualified as a "treating physician" under the regulations, as the ALJ expressly refers to Dr. Dasari as a treating source. (Tr. 19.) On December 19, 2011, Dr. Dasari completed a "Physical Capacities Evaluation." (Tr. 454.) Therein, Dr. Dasari opined that Chhay could lift 10 pounds occasionally and 5 pounds frequently, sit for three hours and stand/walk for two hours in an eight hour workday. (Tr. 454.) There was no finding for the need of an assistive device for ambulation. Id. Dr. Dasari did find that Chhay could rarely bend or stoop, reach (including overhead), or work with or around dangerous machinery. Id. Dr. Dasari also offered that Chhay would be absent more than four days per month as a result of her impairments and treatment. Id. Dr. Dasari explained that the limitations were based on Chhay's chronic back pain (upper and lower), shoulder pain, impaired mobility, and limited use of her upper extremities. Id.
It is not altogether clear from Chhay's brief which portions of Dr. Dasari's opinion she believes the ALJ improperly rejected.
With respect to the remainder of Dr. Dasari's December 2011 assessment, the ALJ found as follows:
(Tr. 19.)
The two rejected opinions of Dr. Dasari that clearly conflict with the RFC are the limitation to only three hours of sitting in an eight-hour workday and the four or more days of absences per month. As such, the Court will address whether the ALJ gave good reasons for rejecting these two opinions. Earlier in the opinion, the ALJ found it significant that Chhay told a consultative examiner she could sit for two hours while taking classes, though she complained of pain in her tail bone after prolonged sitting. (Tr. 18.) The ALJ also noted that Chhay sat through a ninety minute hearing with no apparent problem. Id. The ALJ further observed that Chhay presented at various examinations in no acute distress. (Tr. 19.) The ALJ emphasized that Dr. Dasari relied chiefly on Chhay's complaints (Tr. 19), and, later in the opinion, pointed out that Chhay had complained to a consultative examining physician that she had chronic pain on the whole left side of her body, including pain in her head split at the midline. (Tr. 20.) The consultative examiner stated that "midline split is classic for embellishment/symptom magnification vs. malingering." (Tr. 20, 369.)
Courts have held that "[w]hen a treating physician's opinion is based on a claimant's self reports which are themselves not credible, it is not error to assign little weight to the opinion." Webb v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 4264, 2014 WL 129237 at * 6 (E.D. Tenn. Jan. 14, 2014) (citing Vorholt v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 409 Fed App'x 883, 889 (6
The Court finds that the ALJ adequately explained why he rejected the sitting limitations contained in Dr. Dasari's opinion. He explained that this opinion was based solely on Chhay's subjective complaints, which he found were not credible based on other evidence in the record. (Tr. 16-21.) Notably, Chhay has not challenged the ALJ's credibility finding. In addition, the ALJ also observed that neither Dr. Dasari's treatment notes nor those of any other physician supports such a sitting limitation. Chhay fails to point to any evidence of record suggesting that this interpretation of the medical records was incorrect. While it is not this Court's function to comb the record to find evidence to support Chhay's argument, the Court did review Dr. Dasari's treatment notes, and found no apparent complaints regarding her ability to sit or complaints of pain in her tail bone. (Tr. 399-431.) Rather, her complaints appear to focus primarily on her upper back, neck, and shoulder. Id.
Turning to Dr. Dasari's opinion that Chhay would miss four or more days of work per month, the Court is skeptical whether such an opinion truly constitutes a "medical opinion" under the facts and circumstances of this case. Dr. Dasari's assessment fails to explain in any meaningful manner why Chhay would miss so many days of work. (Tr. 454.) Dr. Dasari makes no mention of any treatment regimen, and it is not altogether clear why Chhay's chronic back and shoulder pain would cause her to miss work with such frequency. Id. Not all treating physician opinions are entitled to controlling weight and, therefore, subject to the "good reasons" requirement. Rather, an ALJ need only ascribe controlling weight to "medical opinions" from a treating source that are well-supported by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques and not inconsistent with the other substantial evidence in the claimant's case record. SSR 96-2p, 1996 WL 374188 at * 2 (July 2, 1996). Pursuant to 20 CFR § 404.1527(a)(2), "medical opinions" are "statements from physicians and psychologists or other acceptable medical sources that reflect judgments about the nature and severity of your impairment(s), including your symptoms, diagnosis and prognosis, what you can still do despite impairment(s), and your physical or mental restrictions."
By contrast, the regulations provide that "medical source opinions" on issues reserved to the Commissioner are not entitled to controlling weight, even if they are rendered by a treating physician. Specifically, 20 CFR § 404.1527(d) provides that "opinions on some issues . . . are not medical opinions, as described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, but are, instead, opinions on issues reserved to the Commissioner because they are administrative findings that are dispositive of a case; i.e. that would direct the determination or decision of disability." See 20 CFR § 404.1527(d). An ALJ need "not give any special significance to the source of an opinion on issues reserved to the Commissioner." See 20 CFR § 404.1527(d)(3).
Interpreting these rules, some courts have found that treating physician opinions regarding predicted work absences do not constitute "medical opinions." See e.g. Arnett v. Astrue, 2008 WL 4747209 at * 5 (W.D. Ky. Oct. 17, 2008); Hagan v. Colvin, 2013 WL 3350838 at * 3 (W.D. Ky. July 3, 2013). The reasoning behind these decisions is that such opinions are essentially "tantamount to a finding of disability" in light of VE testimony that excessive work absences will preclude a hypothetical claimant from maintaining employment.
Arnett, 2008 WL 4747209 at * 5 (emphasis added). The court then affirmed the decision, implicitly finding the ALJ was not required to provide "good reasons" for rejecting the treating physician's opinion regarding predicted work absences. Under the circumstances presented herein, the Court finds that Dr. Dasari's opinion as to Chhay's predicted absenteeism does not constitute a medical opinion.
On the other hand, some courts have presumed that such opinions do constitute "medical opinions" and that ALJs must, therefore, provide "good reasons" for rejecting them. See e.g. Branson v. Astrue, 2008 WL 111317 at * 4-5 (E.D. Tenn. Jan. 8, 2008) (vacating and remanding where ALJ failed to provide a valid basis for rejecting treating surgeon's opinion that claimant would be expected to have excessive work absences); Horvath v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 2013 WL 1914359 at ** 11-12 (E.D. Mich. April 18, 2013) (vacating and remanding where substantial evidence did not support ALJ's stated reason for giving little weight to treating psychiatrist's opinion that claimant would be likely to be absent from work more than three times per month); Stenberg v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 2008 WL 5268553 at * 1 (9
Nonetheless, even assuming arguendo that Dr. Dasari's opinion as to the frequency of Chhay's absences does constitute a medical opinion, the Court finds that ALJ gave good reasons for rejecting it. The ALJ explained he did not assign any weight to this opinion, because it was based almost solely on Chhay's self reported limitations. As stated above, it is not error to assign little weight to the opinion of a treating physician when it based on a claimant's self reports that are themselves not credible. In addition, Chhay does not identify any evidence of record that undermines the ALJ's finding that such absenteeism is simply not supported by the treatment notes of any physician.
Based on the above, the Court finds the ALJ sufficiently articulated good reasons for rejecting Dr. Dasari's opinions regarding Chhay's predicted absenteeism and her sitting limitations. Accordingly, Chhay's argument that the ALJ violated the treating physician rule in his consideration of Dr. Dasari's opinions is without merit.
At Step Four, the ALJ found that Chhay could perform only her past relevant inspector work as actually done but not as it is customarily performed in the national economy. (Tr. 21.)
Chhay asserts that the ALJ's finding was erroneous, because Chhay's employer basically granted her an accommodation by requiring her to lift and inspect only lighter parts in comparison to her co-workers.
The Commissioner, on the other hand, cites a decision where a similar argument was made. (ECF No. 16 at 14, citing O'Neal v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 2013 WL 620377 (S.D. Ohio Feb. 19, 2013)). In O'Neal, as here, plaintiff argued that his floor scrubbing job did not qualify as past relevant work because he was only able to perform it with an accommodation. Id. at *7. The O'Neal court rejected the plaintiff's argument as he cited no authority supporting the proposition that where an employer makes an accommodation to do a job, it cannot be classified as past relevant work. Id. Furthermore, the O'Neal court observed that "the Sixth Circuit has held that the mere fact that an employer creates accommodations for an individual employee does not mean that the job is not past relevant work." Id., citing Tyra v. Sec`y of Health & Human Servs., 896 F.2d 1024, 1031 (6
In any event, the ALJ correctly identified 20 C.F.R. § 404.1573(c) as setting forth the factors to consider when work is performed under "special conditions."
20 C.F.R. § 404.1573(c).
The ALJ stated ... "[g]iven the amount of time that Ms. Chhay spent doing this work, and the amount of pay that she received for doing it, I conclude that the work that she did while doing this job, even though `under special conditions', showed that Ms. Chhay had `the necessary skills and ability to work at the substantial gainful activity level'." (Tr. 22.) Chhay has failed to set forth a meaningful argument that the ALJ's determination was unreasonable, unsupported by substantial evidence, or contrary to law or any applicable regulation. Accordingly, Chhay's argument that her prior work as an inspector does not constitute past relevant work simply because her employer created reasonable accommodations is not well-taken.
In addition, Chhay argues that inspectors must lift at least frequently. (ECF No. 13 at 9.) She asserts that such frequency is inconsistent with ALJ's RFC determination. Id. However the RFC specifically included the ability to perform repetitive lifting of objects located above the waist level. (Tr. 16.) In the third hypothetical, which ultimately was adopted as the RFC, the ALJ asked the VE to assume someone with the following limitations: an individual who was educated in Cambodia and whose education did not reach the high school level; past relevant work same as Chhay's; sedentary exertional work with all that implies with respect to exertional and postural limitations subject to the following addition limitations;
Given that the VE testified to the presence of a significant number of other jobs that an individual with Chhay's limitations could perform, even wrongly considering her job of inspector as past relevant work would be rendered harmless. (Tr. 16.)
In another undeveloped argument, Chhay asserts that the ALJ should have proceeded to Step Five of the sequential analysis and found her disabled under Grid Rule 201.10 as of her birthday in 2010 — the date she allegedly turned fifty (50) years of age. (ECF No. 13 at 9.) This argument is also deemed waived. Moreover, the argument is meritless, as "[t]he medicalvocational guidelines are not applicable until the fifth step of the evaluation process." Meschko v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 1999 U.S. App. LEXIS 24325 (6
Furthermore, even if the ALJ had proceeded to Step Five, Chhay's argument is premised on the assumption that she turned fifty prior to the ALJ's decision. As discussed above, Chhay was born in 1964 according to official records, as such, she was forty-eight (48) at the time of the ALJ's decision — a "younger" person under social security regulations. At the hearing, Chhay alleged that she was actually born in 1960. (Tr. 35.) The decision does not state when Chhay was born. However, during the hearing, the ALJ expressly stated that he required some proof before he was going to find her four years older than official documents established. (Tr. 36.) Chhay points to no evidence of record that such proof was ever furnished. Therefore, based on her age in official documentation, Grid Rule 201.10 is simply inapplicable.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds the decision of the Commissioner supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly, the decision is AFFIRMED and judgment is entered in favor of the defendant.
IT IS SO ORDERED.