ALAN N. BLOCH, District Judge.
AND NOW, this 25th day of January, 2012, upon consideration of Petitioner's
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Petitioner's Motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 to Vacate, Set Aside, or Correct Sentence by a Person in Federal Custody is DISMISSED.
On October 26, 2009, Petitioner pled guilty to Count One of the indictment, charging him with conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute 5 kilograms or more of cocaine and 50 grams or more of cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. In connection with his plea, he and the Government entered into a plea agreement (document No. 332) which includes a waiver of certain appellate rights as well as a provision that Petitioner "further waives the right to file a motion to vacate sentence, under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, attacking his conviction or sentence, and the right to file any other collateral proceeding attacking his conviction or sentence." The agreement further states that it
Petitioner signed the agreement and agreed at the plea hearing that he had agreed to the terms set forth in the agreement, which both the Government and the Court reviewed for him at that hearing. The Court accepted Petitioner's plea.
On April 22, 2010, the Court sentenced Petitioner to 235 months' imprisonment and 5 years' supervised release, and judgment was entered on that same day. Petitioner filed a notice of appeal on April 30, 2010. However, on March 7, 2011, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals granted the Government/s motion to enforce the appellate waiver contained in Petitioner's plea agreement and summarily affirmed Petitioner's conviction and sentence.
After the dismissal of his appeal, Petitioner filed the present motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Because the Court was aware of the waiver of the right to file a Section 2255 motion contained in the plea agreement entered into by Petitioner, it ordered Petitioner to show cause why his motion should not be dismissed on the basis of this waiver. In response, Petitioner argued that he had not entered into his plea knowingly, voluntarily, or intelligently and that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have pled guilty and would have proceeded to trial. He argues, accordingly, that enforcement of the waiver would work a miscarriage of justice. This Court disagrees and finds Petitioner's waiver to be enforceable.
Section 2255 permits a prisoner sentenced by a federal court to move the court that imposed the sentence to "vacate, set aside, or correct the sentence" where: (1) the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States; (2) the court was without jurisdiction to impose such sentence; (3) the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law; or (4) the sentence is otherwise subject to collateral attack.
Here, Petitioner clearly and unambiguously waived his right to file a motion under Section 2255 or to otherwise seek collateral relief. The Court notes that, although not dispositive, the Third Circuit enforced the waiver of Petitioner's appellate rights contained in the same plea agreement. Regardless, the record demonstrates that the waiver is enforceable. Although Petitioner raises issues regarding whether his plea was knowing and voluntary because of alleged advice about the sentence he would receive if he pled guilty, he does not allege that the waiver of his right to file a collateral attack itself was anything other than knowing or voluntary. Likewise, he does not claim that the waiver itself was the product of ineffective assistance of counsel. Accordingly, there is no basis for finding that the waiver was anything other than knowing and voluntary.
Moreover, no miscarriage of justice would occur as a result of the enforcement of the waiver. As the Third Circuit has explained, in determining whether there would be a miscarriage of justice, the Court must consider factors such as the clarity of the alleged error, its gravity, its character, the impact of the error on Petitioner, the impact of correcting the error on the Government, and the extent to which Petitioner acquiesced in the result.
First, it is not at all clear that any error was committed. Petitioner claims that his counsel and the Government came to some type of agreement regarding his sentence that was not included in the plea agreement and that was apparently not to be disclosed to the Court. However, even his own affidavit is ambiguous as to whether the 11-13½ year sentence to which the parties allegedly agreed was an actual agreed-upon sentence or an estimate. Petitioner offers no explanation as to why, if this was an agreement rather than an estimate, it was not disclosed to the Court. It is hard to imagine a deal regarding an appropriate sentence being hidden from the sentencing court. Likewise, as to his claim that he was advised by his attorney to "lie" regarding whether he had been promised a sentence, it is not at all clear whether his attorney actually advised him to respond untruthfully, or whether he believed that the 11-13½ year range was not "promised," but rather merely an estimate.
Further, the plea agreement itself is not consistent with the alleged agreed-upon sentencing range. The agreement itself contains no agreed-upon sentence and says nothing about an 11-13½ year sentence at all. As noted above, the agreement states that it sets forth the full and complete terms and conditions of the agreement between the parties, and that there are no other agreements, promises, terms or conditions, express or implied. The agreement does contain stipulations as to drug quantities that actually suggest a greater sentence than the one allegedly involved in the undisclosed agreement.
However, even assuming a clear error, the other factors demonstrate that no miscarriage of justice would result from enforcing the waiver. The Government would be greatly prejudiced by having to try a case that is now several years old and which involves a conspiracy that goes back to 2003. Further, although Petitioner did not receive an 11-13½ year sentence, he did receive a substantial variance on the basis of the powder-crack cocaine disparity pursuant to
Finally, and most importantly, Petitioner clearly acquiesced in any error. First, as discussed above, Petitioner's plea agreement, which purports to be the complete agreement between the parties, makes no mention of an 11-13½ year sentence. Petitioner signed the agreement and acknowledged at the plea hearing that he had agreed to the terms set forth in the agreement.
Moreover, regardless of what his attorney or the Government attorney told him, the Court asked Petitioner a number of questions that related to his waiver of his right to collaterally attack his conviction and sentence and to the alleged undisclosed deal. Specifically, the court asked Petitioner:
Petitioner answered all of these questions in the affirmative. The Court therefore continued:
When Petitioner responded in the negative, the Court found the waivers to be knowing and voluntary. This clearly demonstrates that Petitioner was quite aware of his waiver of his right to file a collateral attack and that he was waiving those rights after extensive questioning regarding the issue.
Also at the plea hearing, the Government reviewed the terms of the plea agreement, and Petitioner indicated that he had agreed to the terms as stated. At no time was there any mention of an 11-13½ year sentence by the Government or Petitioner. The Court reviewed certain terms of the agreement as well and informed Petitioner that he could not rely on any agreements not disclosed at that time. It further asked Petitioner:
Petitioner responded "no" to all of these questions. He was therefore directly asked whether there were any undisclosed agreements and whether he was asked to lie about any such agreements, and he said that neither was the case.
He now claims that he responded untruthfully to these questions. Statements made under oath in open court are entitled to great deference, and Petitioner faces a great burden in overcoming the strong presumption of the veracity of any such statements.
Accordingly, Petitioner's motion is dismissed. Moreover, because Petitioner waived his right to file any such motion, this Court does not reach the merits of Petitioner's claims, and there would be no basis for issuing a certificate of appealability, as Petitioner has failed to make "a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. § 2253 (c) (2).