ELIZABETH A. WOLFORD, District Judge.
Pro se plaintiff Todd G. Dean ("Plaintiff") asserts a claim against defendants Andrew Robinson and Aaron Ward for deliberate indifference to his health and safety in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. (See Dkt. 21). Presently before the Court is Ward's motion to dismiss Plaintiff's Amended Complaint as to him for failure to state a claim pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). (Dkt. 33)
Unless otherwise noted, the following facts are taken from Plaintiff's Amended Complaint. (Dkt. 18). As is required at this stage of the proceedings, the Court has treated Plaintiff's allegations as true.
Initially, the Court takes judicial notice
At all times relevant to this action, Robinson and Ward were employees of the United States Marshals Service, with Ward acting as Robinson's supervisor. Plaintiff alleges that while Robinson was transporting him in connection with his criminal case, Robinson said "foul, nasty words pertaining to his criminal case two times in front of corrections officers and other inmates." (Dkt. 18 at 1-2). In particular, Plaintiff asserts that Robinson referred to him as a "rapist" and a "child ___ [sic]." (Id. at 2). According to Plaintiff, this caused him to have to "watch [his] back" and further led to threats and extortion. (Id.).
Plaintiff's Amended Complaint, which is the operative pleading in this matter, contains no facts regarding Ward. However, in opposition to Ward's motion to dismiss, Plaintiff has elaborated on his allegations against Ward.
Plaintiff commenced this action on April 23, 2015. (Dkt. 1). Plaintiff initially failed to properly move for leave to proceed in forma pauperis, causing the matter to be administratively terminated. (Dkt. 5). Plaintiff thereafter filed a properly supported motion for in forma pauperis status (Dkt. 7), which the Court granted (Dkt. 11). On February 19, 2016, the Court found that Plaintiff had failed to state a claim and dismissed his Complaint. (Dkt. 11).
On March 9, 2017, the Court filed a Decision and Order permitting Plaintiff to replead his claims. (Dkt. 17). Plaintiff filed his Amended Complaint on May 3, 2017, which named two John Doe defendants. (Dkt. 18). On September 13, 2018, the Court entered a Decision and Order screening the Amended Complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A(a). (Dkt. 21). The Court dismissed Plaintiff's claims brought pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act without prejudice, but permitted Plaintiff's Fourteenth Amendment deliberate indifference claim to proceed to service. (Id.). The Court further asked that the United States Attorney produce information regarding the identities of the John Doe defendants (id.), which the United States Attorney provided on October 3, 2018 (Dkt. 22). Service was thereafter effectuated on Ward and Robinson. (See Dkt. 28; Dkt. 30; Dkt. 31).
Ward filed the instant motion to dismiss on August 9, 2019. (Dkt. 33). Plaintiff filed his response on August 30, 2019. (Dkt. 38). Ward filed a reply on September 9, 2019 (Dkt. 39), and Plaintiff filed a sur-reply on September 23, 2019 (Dkt. 40).
"In considering a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), a district court may consider the facts alleged in the complaint, documents attached to the complaint as exhibits, and documents incorporated by reference in the complaint." DiFolco v. MSNBC Cable L.L.C., 622 F.3d 104, 111 (2d Cir. 2010). To withstand dismissal, a complaint must set forth "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). "A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Turkmen v. Ashcroft, 589 F.3d 542, 546 (2d Cir. 2009) (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009)).
"While a complaint attacked by a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss does not need detailed factual allegations, a plaintiff's obligation to provide the grounds of his entitle[ment] to relief requires more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do." Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555 (internal quotations and citations omitted). "To state a plausible claim, the complaint's `[f]actual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.'" Nielsen v. AECOM Tech. Corp., 762 F.3d 214, 218 (2d Cir. 2014) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555).
Ward seeks dismissal of Plaintiff's claim against him on the basis that Plaintiff has not plausibly alleged Ward's personal involvement in the alleged violation of his rights. (See Dkt. 33-1 at 6-8). To establish liability against an official under § 1983, a plaintiff must allege that individual's personal involvement in the alleged constitutional violation; it is not enough to assert that the defendant is a link in the chain of command. See McKenna v. Wright, 386 F.3d 432, 437 (2d Cir. 2004); Colon v. Coughlin, 58 F.3d 865, 873 (2d Cir. 1995). Moreover, the theory of respondeat superior is not available in a § 1983 action. See Hernandez v. Keane, 341 F.3d 137, 144 (2d Cir. 2003). A supervisory official can be found to be personally involved in an alleged constitutional violation in one of several ways:
Colon, 58 F.3d at 873 (citing Wright v. Smith, 21 F.3d 496, 501 (2d Cir. 1994)).
In this case, taking all of Plaintiff's allegations as true and drawing all inferences in his favor, see Elias v. Rolling Stone LLC, 872 F.3d 97, 104 (2d Cir. 2017), the Court finds that Plaintiff has plausibly alleged personal involvement by Ward. Plaintiff has alleged that Ward was informed of Robinson's actions and told the judge that Robinson would no longer be assigned to escort Plaintiff. However, in Plaintiff's version of the facts, Robinson
At this stage of the proceedings, Plaintiff's allegations are sufficient to support the conclusion that Ward was on notice of Robinson's wrongdoing and failed to take the appropriate corrective action. See, e.g., Keitt v. New York City, 882 F.Supp.2d 412, 424 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) (denying motion to dismiss where the plaintiff alleged the defendant was fully aware that the plaintiff's disability was not being accommodated and "failed to take action to remedy the ongoing violation"); Scott v. Hollins, No. 96-CV-0351C, 2006 WL 1994757, at *7 (W.D.N.Y. July 14, 2006) (finding that defendant's knowledge that the plaintiff was being harmed by exposure to second-hand smoke and failure to act on his complaints could establish personal involvement); Allah v. Goord, 405 F.Supp.2d 265, 278 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) (denying motion to dismiss where defendants were aware that prisoners in wheelchairs had been injured during transport and failed to remedy the situation). The Court therefore finds that Plaintiff has adequately alleged Ward's personal involvement in the alleged deprivation of his constitutional rights, and accordingly denies Ward's motion to dismiss.
For the foregoing reasons, Ward's motion to dismiss (Dkt. 33) is denied. Plaintiff's "motions" filed in response to Ward's motion (Dkt. 38; Dkt. 40) are denied as moot. Ward shall file an answer to the Amended Complaint in accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(a)(4).
SO ORDERED.