Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


12-20-2004

Valenzuela v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-4494




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                                                                NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                        No. 03-4494


                                NENITA VALENZUELA,

                                             Petitioner

                                             v.

                JOHN ASHCROFT, Attorney General of the United States,

                                            Respondent




          On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
                                    (No. A77-029-985)




                       Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a):
                                  November 16, 2004

Before: McKEE and CHERTOFF, Circuit Judges, and BUCKWALTER,* Senior District
                                  Judge.

                              (Filed:   December 20, 2004)




      *
       Honorable Ronald L. Buckwalter, Senior District Judge for the Eastern District of
Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
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                                          OPINION


CHERTOFF, Circuit Judge.

       Nenita Valenzuela petitions this Court for review of a decision by the Board of

Immigration Appeals (BIA) rejecting her motion to reopen her removal proceedings. She

also asks for review of a subsequent decision of the BIA rejecting her request that the

Board reconsider its first decision. Because we find that the BIA did not abuse its

discretion in refusing to reopen her case, we will reject the petition.

                                              I.

       Valenzuela entered the United States without inspection in 1991. After marrying

an American citizen, she applied for an adjustment in her status to lawful permanent

resident on July 10, 1997. At her Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)

interview, Valenzuela was directed to submit documentary evidence in support of her

application. She claims that she gave the evidence to her attorney who apparently never

forwarded it to the INS. The INS thus denied her application.

       Following the denial of her adjustment application, the INS mailed Valenzuela a

Notice to Appear informing her that a hearing would be scheduled for her to show cause

as to why she should not be deported. The notice was mailed on March 16, 2001 to an

address in Jersey City, New Jersey that Valenzuela had provided to the INS. Valenzuela

claims that a fire destroyed her apartment on February 3, 1999, forcing her to move to

another location in Jersey City. She therefore did not receive the Notice to Appear. A

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subsequent Notice of Hearing was mailed on April 4, 2001, which Valenzuela also claims

she did not receive. The Notice of Hearing set a hearing date of May 8, 2001.

       When Valenzuela did not attend the hearing on May 8, another hearing was

scheduled for July 3, 2001 and another Notice of Hearing was mailed to her at the same

address. Valenzuela again claims that she did not receive the Notice. When Valenzuela

did not attend that hearing, the Immigration Judge (IJ) issued a summary decision, in

absentia, ordering that she be deported.

       On November 2, 2002, Valenzuela moved to reopen her deportation proceedings.

The IJ denied her motion on December 24, 2002. Valenzuela then appealed to the BIA,

which dismissed her appeal on October 23, 2003. She subsequently filed a new motion

asking the BIA to reconsider its decision, but this motion was denied on December 15,

2003. She now asks this Court for review of both decisions.

                                             II.

       Both parties agree that we have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(2) to review

the BIA’s October 23, 2003 decision denying Valenzuela’s appeal of her motion to

reopen her case. The Government contends that we lack jurisdiction to review the BIA’s

December 15, 2003 decision rejecting Valenzuela’s motion requesting that the BIA

reconsider its previous decision because she failed to file a petition for review within

thirty days of the BIA’s decision, as required by 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(1). The record in this

case shows that Valenzuela filed a petition for review of the BIA’s October 23, 2003



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decision on November 20, 2003. There is no evidence that she filed a separate petition

for review of the BIA’s December 15, 2003 decision. Therefore, we agree with the

Government that we may review only the BIA’s initial decision rejecting her appeal of the

IJ’s motion to reopen her case.

                                             III.

       Section 240 of the Immigration and Naturalization Act (8 U.S.C. § 1229a) permits

orders of removal to be entered in absentia under certain circumstances. It provides:

       Any alien who, after written notice required under paragraph (1) or (2) of
       section 1229(a) of this title has been provided to the alien or the alien's
       counsel of record, does not attend a proceeding under this section, shall be
       ordered removed in absentia if the Service establishes by clear,
       unequivocal, and convincing evidence that the written notice was so
       provided and that the alien is removable (as defined in subsection (e)(2) of
       this section). The written notice by the Attorney General shall be considered
       sufficient for purposes of this subparagraph if provided at the most recent
       address provided under section 1229(a)(1)(F) of this title.

8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(5)(A). An order of removal entered in absentia may be rescinded

“upon a motion to reopen filed at any time if the alien demonstrates that the alien did not

receive notice in accordance with paragraph (1) or (2) of section 1229(a) of this title.” 

       Valenzuela argued in her motion to reopen that she did not receive notice of her

hearing because her apartment had been destroyed by fire and she had been forced to

relocate to a new address. In support of her claim, she submitted a fire incident report

prepared by the Jersey City Fire Department. She did not, however, submit an affidavit or



                                              4
any other evidence in which she personally attested to the fact that she had not received

notice of the hearing. The IJ denied her motion to reopen, finding that the fire incident

report did not clearly establish that Valenzuela’s apartment had been destroyed and that,

regardless, Valenzuela had a responsibility to inform the INS of any changes to her

address. The BIA subsequently dismissed her appeal of the IJ’s decision, finding that

Valenzuela had failed to overcome the presumption of effective service that attaches to

the use of regular mail.

       We review the BIA’s decision denying Valenzuela’s motion to reopen for abuse of

discretion. See INS v. Doherty, 

, 323 (1992). 1 Based on the record that was

before it, we cannot conclude that the BIA abused its discretion in this case. It is

undisputed that the INS attempted to provided notice to Valenzuela on three separate

occasions. None of the letters sent to Valenzuela by the INS was returned by the Postal

Service as undeliverable. In addition, as the Government notes, the documentary

evidence submitted by Valenzuela does not establish that her apartment was destroyed by

fire, but only that a fire occurred. Finally, Valenzuela failed to submit an affidavit with

her initial motion to reopen attesting to the fact that she did not receive notice from the




       1
           Doherty was decided before the Immigration and Naturalization Act was
amended to include the current language of 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(5). Given the inherently
discretionary nature of any decision regarding a motion to reopen a completed
proceeding, we see no reason why the logic of that decision should not apply to this case.

                                              5
INS regarding her hearing.2

       Valenzuela nonetheless argues that the BIA erred in relying on In re Grijalva, 21 I.

& N. Dec. 27 (1995), for the proposition that “there is a presumption that the Postal

Service properly performs its duties” which can only be overcome with “‘substantial and

probative evidence.’” (App. 15 (quoting Grijalva, 21 I. & N. Dec. at 37).) In Grijalva, the

INS had notified the alien using certified mail. Since that decision was issued, 8 U.S.C.

§1229(a) has been amended to permit notice by regular mail.3 At least two other courts of

appeals have held that the use of regular mail necessarily entails a weaker presumption of

delivery and therefore the evidentiary requirements of Grijalva should not apply in such

cases. See Ghounem v. Ashcroft, 

, 744-45 (8th Cir. 2004); Salta v. INS, 

, 1079 (9th Cir. 2002).

       While we agree with Valenzuela that the use of regular mail entails a weaker

presumption than the use of certified mail, we still find that a presumption of delivery


       2
       In conjunction with her motion asking the BIA to reconsider its earlier decision,
Valenzuela did submit such an affidavit. As explained above, we lack jurisdiction to
review the BIA’s decision denying that motion.
       3
           That section now provides:

       In removal proceedings under section 1229a of this title, written notice (in
       this section referred to as a "notice to appear") shall be given in person to
       the alien (or, if personal service is not practicable, through service by mail
       to the alien or to the alien's counsel of record, if any) . . . .

8 U.S.C. §1229(a)(1). The BIA has held that personal service is “not practicable” if the
alien is “not present in immigration court,” Grijalva, 21 I & N. Dec. at 35, and the
validity of that interpretation is not at issue in this case.

                                              6
attaches. Therefore, the BIA did not abuse its discretion in requiring Valenzuela to rebut

that presumption through the use of specific evidence such as an affidavit attesting to the

fact that she did not receive notice of the hearing. See 

. While an

affidavit may not be necessary in all such cases, it was not an abuse of discretion for the

BIA to find that Valenzuela failed to rebut the presumption of effective service in light of

the inconclusive nature of the other evidence she submitted. We will therefore deny the

petition for review.




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