Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


11-22-2004

USA v. Rotger Perez
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 04-1888




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"USA v. Rotger Perez" (2004). 2004 Decisions. Paper 128.
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                                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                     No. 04-1888


                          UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                           v.

                         JOSE ANTONIO ROTGER PEREZ,

                                           Appellant



                   On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                             (District Court No. 03-cr-00552)
                 District Judge: Honorable Franklin S. Van Antwerpen


           Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a): November 19, 2004

                        Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, and
                       MCKEE and CHERTOFF, Circuit Judges

                        (Filed    November 22, 2004           )


                                       OPINION


CHERTOFF, Circuit Judge.

      After a jury was empaneled and sworn, opening arguments were completed, and

two victims testified and identified Appellant Jose Antonio Rotger Perez as the man who
robbed them at gunpoint while they worked at a mini-market, Perez consulted with

counsel, signed a written plea agreement, and pled guilty to the five armed robberies for

which he was charged. One week later, he sent a letter to the District Court, seeking to

withdraw his guilty plea. The District Court denied his request after an evidentiary

hearing, and Perez appealed. We will affirm.

       Once the District Court has accepted a guilty plea, it “may not automatically be

withdrawn at the defendant's whim.” United States v. Brown, 

, 815 (3d Cir.

2001) (citing United States v. Martinez, 

(3d Cir. 1986)). The Court must

instead determine whether the defendant has “a fair and just reason for withdrawing a

plea of guilty,” Fed. R. Crim. P. 32(e), considering the following three factors:

       (1)    whether the defendant asserts his innocence;
       (2)    whether the government would be prejudiced by the withdrawal; and
       (3)    the strength of the defendant's reason to withdraw the plea.

States v. Huff, 

, 711 (3d Cir. 1989)). The burden is on the

defendant to assert his innocence and reason to withdraw the plea. If he fails to do so, the

government need not establish prejudice. United States v. Harris, 

, 1210 (3d

Cir. 1995). “A shift in defense tactics, a change of mind, or the fear of punishment are

not adequate reasons to impose on the government the expense, difficulty, and risk of

trying a defendant who has already acknowledged his guilt by pleading guilty.” 

(quoting United States v. Jones, 

, 318 (3d Cir. 1992)

(superseded by statute on other grounds)). The District Court’s “decision not to grant



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such a motion will only be disturbed if the court has abused its discretion.” United States

v. Isaac, 

, 485 (3d Cir. 1998).

       The District Court did not abuse its discretion when it determined that the

Defendant did not provide any “fair and just reasons” for withdrawing his guilty plea.

First, the Defendant never maintained his innocence, even at the evidentiary hearing

regarding his plea withdrawal request. There, when asked whether he “in fact,

commit[ted] each and every one of the robberies that [he] pled guilty to,” he answered,

“Yes, I admitted to the ones that you had witnesses for, the people that testified here in

the trial.” (App. 169; see also Appellant Br. at 13.) Second, the Defendant did not

provide a “fair and just” reason for his withdrawal request. Instead, his assertion that he

did not understand his plea because it was in English is belied by his competent

representation by a bilingual attorney and the presence of a Spanish interpreter throughout

the plea colloquy. Perez’s claim that he was “pressured” to plead guilty because he was

told that he would otherwise face life imprisonment is negated by clear case law that “fear

of substantial sentence” does not provide grounds to withdraw a plea, see 

. Finally, the Government would suffer prejudice if the Defendant were allowed to

withdraw the plea he made mid-trial, as it would require the Government to duplicate its

previous efforts if required to bring the case to trial before a new jury.

       The District Court was within its discretion when it denied the Defendant’s request

to withdraw his plea of guilty, and this Court will affirm.



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