Opinions of the United
2004 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


4-15-2004

Facyson v. Comm Social Security
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 03-3172




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                                                                   NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                         UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                              FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                      ___________

                                      No. 03-3172
                                      ___________

                                  RONALD FACYSON,

                                               Appellant

                                              v.

                            JO ANNE B. BARNHART,
                       COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,

                                                   Appellee


                                     ___________


           ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
              FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA
                           (D.C. Civil No. 02-cv-03593)
                 District Judge: Honorable Eduardo C. Robreno

                                      ___________

                       Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                   March 12, 2004

                  BEFORE: SLOVITER, NYGAARD, Circuit Judges.
                          and SHADUR,* District Judge.


                                  (Filed April 15, 2004)



*       Honorable Milton I. Shadur, Senior District Judge for the United States District
Court for the Northern District of Illinois, sitting by designation.
                                       ___________

                               OPINION OF THE COURT
                                    ___________


SHADUR, District Judge.

              Ronald Facyson (“Facyson”) appeals a District Court decision that affirmed

a final determination by Commissioner of Social Security Jo Anne Barnhart

(“Commissioner”) that concluded, despite some occupational limitations on Facyson's

part, his residual functional capacity (“RFC”) allowed him to perform meaningful work in

the national economy. That being the case, Commissioner held that Facyson was not

statutorily disabled and hence was not entitled to disability insurance benefits or

supplemental social security income under the Social Security Act (“Act” 1 ). Because we

too find that Commissioner’s determination was supported by substantial evidence, we

affirm.

              Given the parties’ familiarity with the facts, we review them only as

necessary to understand our ruling. Facyson first applied for benefits in May 1997,

stating that he suffered from seizure and mood disorders that had afflicted him since

December 1996 (Tr. 121-23, 303-05). After twice being denied such benefits at the

administrative level, Facyson appeared with counsel at a hearing (“Hearing”) before




          1
         Citations to the Act take the form “Section--,” eliminating any need to repeat
“42 U.S.C.”

                                              2
Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) Larry Banks to consider his case.

              After the Hearing the ALJ issued an opinion that also denied such benefits

(Tr. 16-26). Facyson then requested review of that determination, and after the Appeals

Council denied that request (causing the ALJ's decision to become Commissioner's final

decision), Facyson turned to the federal courts under Sections 405(g) and 1383(e)(3).2 On

May 20, 2003 the District Court granted Commissioner’s motion for summary judgment

(No. Civ. A. 02-3593, 

(E.D. Pa. May 30)), the decision that Facyson

now appeals. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §1291.

              Under the Act an individual is disabled if he 3 is unable “to engage in any

substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental

impairment...” of a specified duration (Sections 423(d)(1)(A) and 1382c(a)(3)(A)). To

that end the Act goes on (1) to specify that an individual is not disabled unless he is “not

only unable to do his previous work” but is also unable to “engage in any other kind of



       2
            Facyson continues to seek benefits from Commissioner. Indeed, he recently
filed a motion for stay of this decision on the ground that our decision could be informed
(or even mooted) by Commissioner's treatment of a new benefits application that
encompasses the same time period as this action. In response Commissioner correctly
stated that such a stay would be neither necessary nor proper, in principal part because
(1) according to her own rules Commissioner could not take action on a time period
already under consideration in a pending federal case (Program Operations Manual
System 03106.095) and (2) even if Commissioner were to look at the same time period,
anything that she held would be outside the admissible record in this action (Fed. R. App.
P. 10(a)). We therefore denied Facyson’s motion on March 25, 2004.
       3
           No male chauvinism is of course intended here--the Act itself is not gender
neutral.

                                              3
substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy” and (2) to define “work

which exists in the national economy” as “work which exists in significant numbers either

in the region where such individual lives or in several regions of the country” (Sections

423(d)(2)(A) and 1382c(a)(3)(B)).

              Facyson bore the initial burden of proving to Commissioner that he fit

within the quoted definitions (20 C.F.R. §404.1512(a)4 ). For that purpose

Commissioner’s regulations outline a five-step process for determining whether a

claimant is disabled. Steps 1 through 4 require the claimant to show that he is (1) not

currently engaged in gainful employment because he is (2) suffering from a severe

impairment (3) that is listed in an appendix (or is equivalent to such a listed condition) or

(4) that leaves him lacking the RFC to return to his previous employment (Reg.

§404.1520(a) to (e)). If the claimant demonstrates those requirements, the burden then

shifts to Commissioner at step 5 to show that other jobs exist in significant numbers in the

national economy that the claimant could perform (Reg. §404.1520(f)--considering for

that purpose a variety of factors including medical impairments, age, education, work

experience and RFC (Plummer v. Apfel, 

, 428 (3d Cir. 1999)).

              Facyson met his four-step burden by showing that he is not currently

employed, that he suffers from a severe impairment and that he could not return to his job



       4
           This opinion hereafter uses “Reg. §” to refer to 20 C.F.R. §404 provisions,
omitting references to the comparable provisions in 20 C.F.R. §416 (see Sims v. Apfel,

, 107 n.2 (2000)).

                                              4
as a production upholstery worker (Tr. 17-18, 23). But after posing to an independent

vocational expert a series of hypothetical premises that mirrored Facyson’s profile, the

ALJ determined that Facyson was not disabled because he could perform numerous other

jobs that existed in significant numbers in the national economy (Tr. 24).

              Although we review the District Court’s decision to grant summary

judgment de novo, we review Commissioner’s final denial of benefits only under the

undemanding substantial evidence standard (Boone v. Barnhart, 

, 205 (3d

Cir. 2003)). In that respect we consider only the evidence before the ALJ, although we

might remand to Commissioner if Facyson were to proffer before us other material

evidence that he had good cause for not presenting earlier (Section 405(g); Matthews v.

Apfel, 

, 593 (3d Cir. 2001); Jones v. Sullivan, 

, 128 (3d Cir.

1991)). In that last regard we hold that Facyson's attempt to introduce his February 2003

schizophrenia diagnosis does not warrant remand, both (1) because it was rendered

several years after the time period at issue and (2) because it considers only Facyson's

impairment, not the ultimate dispositive question of his ability to sustain gainful

employment (on the latter score, see 

).

1. Medical Evidence

              There was a great deal of medical evidence submitted to and considered by

the ALJ. During the course of his treatment and quest for benefits, Facyson was

examined by numerous medical professionals, including his regular family physician and



                                              5
an epilepsy specialist, as well as a general practitioner and a neuropsychiatrist specifically

enlisted by Commissioner to help develop a complete record for evaluating Facyson's

claim (Tr. 189-92, 193-202, 215-23, 288-91). Those doctors’ reports formed the basis for

several evaluations by Commissioner’s doctors and psychologists, all of which indicated

(in varying degrees) that even though Facyson had slight restrictions on his daily

activities, he could still engage in some level of employment (Tr. 236-43, 244-52, 255-63,

264-71).5 Relatedly, still another ingredient that supported the ALJ's resolution was his

finding that Facyson’s seizures were reasonably under control when he adhered to his

medication regime and most acute when he consumed excessive quantities of alcohol (Tr.

225-34, 279-81; Reg. §404.1530; see Jesurum v. Sec’y of HHS, 

, 119 (3d Cir.

1995)).

              To be sure, some of the medical evidence cut in the other direction and

could potentially have supported a converse decision that Facyson was disabled. Most

significantly, Facyson’s treating physician Dr. Finkelstein opined that he believed

Facyson’s occupational activities were severely limited and that he was disabled (Tr. 203-

04, 207-09, 284-85, 300-02).

              But it was well within the ALJ’s province to evaluate the weight of each




       5
           Because that evidence taken together sufficed for the ALJ to make an informed
decision, Commissioner was not obligated to seek further consultations, evaluations or
records. Hence she was not (as Facyson suggests) impermissibly passive in her
investigatory duties under Reg. §§404.1512(f), 404.1517 and 404.1519.

                                              6
piece of evidence in order to determine the appropriate balance. While the ALJ could not

of course substitute his own lay judgment for the examining doctors’ medical expertise,

he was certainly entitled to use his own experience in the weighing of evidence to sort

through the various medical opinions presented en route to a reasoned conclusion (Reg.

§404.1527(b) to (d); 

).

              Thus the ALJ’s decision to give less weight to many of Dr. Finkelstein’s

conclusions because they were not supported by other objective evidence was exactly the

type of credibility determination that an ALJ is competent (and is in fact required) to

make (Tr. 19-20, 22; SSR 96-2p's statement of purpose, binding on Commissioner under

Reg. §402.35(b)(1); see 

).6 And the added fact that the ALJ not

only spelled out the rationales behind his credibility determinations but also modified

certain recommendations by Commissioner’s medical consultants shows his full

engagement in the evidence-weighing process--rather than his discounting evidence

without a stated reason and following his own whims instead (Tr. 20, 22-23; 

).

2. Facyson’s Testimony

              ALJ Banks' determination was also informed by Facyson’s own Hearing


       6
           Relatedly, the ALJ’s decision to give less weight to Dr. Finkelstein’s
conclusions that Facyson was disabled was also justified: While doctors are free to
express their views as to whether a claimant is disabled, the ultimate determination of
statutory disability is reserved to Commissioner (Tr. 20; Reg. §404.1520(a); SSR 96-5p's
statement of purpose, binding on Commissioner under Reg. §402.35(b)(1)).

                                             7
testimony (Tr. 21-23). Facyson said there that although he was told not to consume

alcohol while taking his seizure medication, he had imbibed on his birthday and one other

occasion in the few weeks before the Hearing (Tr. 60-61, 66-67, 72). And he

acknowledged that when he drank he would sometimes forget to take his medication (Tr.

61). Facyson also went on to testify that he had felt suicidal in the past and that he had

difficulty interacting with strangers (Tr. 81-82). But he also believed that if and when his

seizure condition were under control, he otherwise had the physical and mental capacity

to hold some jobs--such as being a janitor (Tr. 62-63).

              After hearing all of Facyson’s testimony and observing that his statements

were supported by the medical evidence on the record, the ALJ determined that Facyson

appeared lucid and responsive, such that his testimony was “generally credible” and could

be considered in arriving at his decision (Tr. 22).7 As taught by Morales v. Apfel, 

, 318 (3d Cir. 2000), we will not second guess that ruling.

3. Vocational Expert Testimony




       7
           Such valid consideration of Facyson’s testimony and its credibility differs
sharply from the impermissible employment of the “sit and squirm” method--an otherwise
unsubstantiated observation that because Facyson behaved a certain way at the hearing he
was not disabled (Van Horn v. Schweiker, 

, 873-74 (3d Cir. 1983)). Nor can
Facyson legitimately contend that because he is mentally ill his testimony cannot
contribute to the evidence supporting Commissioner’s decision. Not only has Facyson
forfeited his right to make that argument by not raising it earlier (Salvation Army v. Dep’t
of Cmty. Affairs, 

, 196 (3d Cir. 1990)), but he also fails to recognize that his
testimony was merely one more component of a good deal of substantial evidence--not
the sine qua non of Commissioner’s decision.

                                              8
              Finally, the ALJ posed to a vocational expert a detailed hypothetical

question that accurately reflected Facyson's abilities and limitations, obtaining the expert's

view that Facyson's RFC allowed him to perform numerous jobs that exist in significant

numbers in the regional and national economies (Tr. 24, 86-95). Facyson argues that the

ALJ improperly arrived at the demographic information used as the basis for that

hypothetical scenario, so that it did not fairly depict him and was therefore essentially

worthless (F. Br. 28-29). Not so: Instead the process the ALJ used to evaluate the

evidence giving rise to the hypothetical was not flawed, and the ALJ's assessment of the

weight to give particular parts of that evidence was justified. Hence the vocational

expert's opinion was based on a justified hypothetical set of facts, so that her conclusion

that Facyson could perform a variety of jobs that exist in significant numbers in the

national economy contributes significantly to our conclusion that Commissioner’s

decision was supported by substantial evidence 

; contrast

Burns v.Barnhart, 

, 123 (3d Cir. 2002)).

              In the end we, like the District Court, conclude that the ALJ properly and

diligently reviewed Facyson’s claim and that Commissioner’s eventual conclusion that

Facyson was not entitled to receive benefits was supported by substantial evidence. We

therefore affirm.




                                              9