Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


12-19-2006

USA v. Allen
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 05-3234




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                                                                  NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                      No. 05-3234


                           UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

                                            v.

                                    DANIEL ALLEN,
                                      Appellant


                      Appeal from the United States District Court
                               for the District of New Jersey
                           (D.C. Criminal No. 04-cr-00416-1)
                      District Judge: Honorable Mary Little Cooper


                       Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                  November 27, 2006

                    Before: RENDELL and AMBRO, Circuit Judges,
                            and PRATTER*, District Judge.

                                        (Filed
                                   December 19, 2006)


                               OPINION OF THE COURT




* Honorable Gene E. K. Pratter, District Court Judge for the Eastern District of
Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
RENDELL, Circuit Judge.

          Daniel Allen appeals from his sentencing by the District Court, a sentence which

designated Allen as a career offender. Allen contends that his previous convictions

should not have been counted in determining his career offender status, and that the

District Court should have departed downward from the advisory range because his

criminal history category overstated the seriousness of his past offenses. We have

jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3742 and we will affirm.

                                                I.

          Allen pled guilty to one count of possession with intent to distribute heroin. As

part of the plea agreement, Allen stipulated to a base offense level of 26, or, if he was

deemed to be a career offender, a base offense level of 32. However, he reserved the

right to argue that he was not in fact a career offender and that he was entitled to a

downward departure based upon his criminal history. He did so but the sentencing judge,

calculating the advisory Guideline range, disagreed and sentenced him as a career

offender. Allen contends that neither of his predicate felony offenses should have led to

his classification as a career offender under the guidelines, because the first conviction

occurred while he was a juvenile and the second occurred while he was proceeding

pro se.

          Under the career offender guidelines, “prior felony conviction” means:

                 [A] prior adult federal or state conviction for an offense
                 punishable by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding
                 one year . . . . A conviction for an offense committed prior to

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              age eighteen is an adult conviction if it is classified as an adult
              conviction under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the
              defendant was convicted . . . .


U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2, app. n. 1.

       Here, Allen concedes that his aggravated assault offense was “waived” to adult

court and he was treated as an adult “for purposes of conviction and sentencing.” Allen

received seven years’ imprisonment with three years’ parole eligibility. Clearly, this

assault was treated as an adult conviction under the laws of New Jersey and Allen does

not seriously contest this fact. Allen simply asserts that “arguably, this first conviction

should not be counted as he was less than 18 years old at the time he was convicted.” The

District Court properly counted this conviction as one of the two prior felony convictions

under the career offender guidelines.

       With respect to the second predicate conviction, namely, the 2002 drug trafficking

conviction, Allen contends that this conviction should not have been counted because he

was never provided counsel. He proceeded pro se in the 2002 case and the transcript of

the proceedings of his guilty plea and sentence has not been located. These facts, Allen

argues, overcome the “presumption of regularity” that ordinarily applies to criminal

convictions. United States v. Jones, 

, 697 (3d Cir. 2003). However, Jones

places the burden of establishing that this conviction “suffers a constitutional infirmity”

on Allen, 

and the absence of a transcript is insufficient to meet that burden,

especially where “events occurred . . . several decades after the Supreme Court


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recognized the constitutional right to counsel for all criminal defendants.” 

Allen offers no proof that his waiver of counsel was not made knowingly and voluntarily;

Allen has not bolstered his claim with any affidavit or other account. Accordingly, we

conclude that the District Court did not err in imposing the career offender enhancement.

       Allen also challenges the District Court’s refusal to depart downward because his

criminal history category overstated the seriousness of his past offenses. In response, the

government argues that we lack jurisdiction over this discretionary determination of the

District Court. It is clear that, pre-Booker, we lacked such jurisdiction, see United States

v. Powell, 

, 179 (3d Cir. 2001), and we note that, post-Booker, we have

stated that we will not disturb or second-guess a district court’s discretionary refusal to

depart downward if the ultimate sentence is reasonable. See United States v. Cooper, 

(3d Cir. 2006). The applicable advisory Guideline range was 151-188 months.

The District Court granted a variance from the Guidelines and sentenced Allen to

108 months. We have little difficulty concluding that this sentence was reasonable.

Considering Allen’s two prior felony convictions and two juvenile adjudications, in

addition to the seriousness of the offense of conviction – dealing heroin while possessing

four firearms – we conclude that the sentence was reasonable.

       For the reasons set forth above, the sentencing order will be affirmed.




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