Opinions of the United
2006 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


9-11-2006

Manasse v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 05-3991




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                                                             NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                         FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                  No. 05-3991


                            WENLOCK MANASSE,

                                            Petitioner

                                       v.

                           ATTORNEY GENERAL OF
                            THE UNITED STATES,

                                            Respondent



                          Petition for Review of an Order
                       of the Board of Immigration Appeals
                                 (No. A38-763-497)
                       Immigration Judge: Eugene Pugliese


                    Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                 July 11, 2006

              Before: SMITH, ALDISERT and ROTH Circuit Judges

                           (Filed: September 11, 2006)


                           OPINION OF THE COURT



ALDISERT, Circuit Judge.

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       This petition for review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)

asks us to decide two questions: (1) Does Wenlock Manasse warrant relief under the

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”)?, and (2) Should we remand proceedings because

Manasse claims his original attorney provided ineffective counsel? Because Manasse

failed to exhaust his administrative remedies with the BIA, we lack jurisdiction to reach

these questions and will dismiss the petition.

                                             I.

       The parties are familiar with the facts and proceedings before the BIA and the

Immigration Judge (“IJ”), so we will only briefly revisit them. Manasse is a 31-year-old

native and citizen of Haiti. He was admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent

resident on January 21, 1984. On June 30, 2003, Manasse pleaded guilty to and was

convicted of several criminal offenses, including aggravated assault, possession of a

controlled dangerous substance with intent to distribute within 1,000 feet of school

property, and unlawful possession of a weapon. For these offenses, Manasse received

two four-year terms of imprisonment, intended to run concurrently.

       On December 19, 2003, the Department of Homeland Security issued Manasse a

Notice to Appear in Removal Proceedings. As an alien convicted of an aggravated

felony, illicit drug trafficking and a gun crime, Manasse was charged as removable under

the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. §§ 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii), (a)(2)(B)(I) &

(a)(2)(C) (2005).

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       An IJ conducted hearings on June 28, 2004, August 2, 2004 and August 30, 2004

and determined that Manasse’s convictions rendered him ineligible for asylum and

withholding of removal. Manasse, however, was allowed to present evidence that he

qualified for protection under CAT. He testified that he was a member of a political party

called Brigadier Democrat D’Haiti and that members of this party have been kidnaped,

set on fire, and killed. Manasse also testified that a member of this political party who

had previously been deported was held for ransom by Haitian police. The IJ found this

testimony unpersuasive and noted that neither Manasse nor his lawyer provided any

corroboration for his claims of political persecution and torture. Accordingly, on August

30, 2004, the IJ denied Mansasse’s petitions for protection under CAT and ordered him

removed to Haiti.

       On September 30, 2004, Manasse’s lawyer filed an appeal with the Board of

Immigration Appeals (“BIA”). The BIA dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction

because Manasse’s lawyer failed to file the appeal within the required 30-day window.

See 8 C.F.R. §§ 1003.38(b) & (c). Manasse then filed a pro se habeas petition in the

District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging ineffective assistance of counsel and

statutory eligibility for relief under CAT. The District Court stayed Manasse’s removal.

After passage of the REAL ID Act of 2005, § 106(c), Pub. L. No. 109-13, the habeas

petition was transferred to this Court as a petition for review.



                                             II.

                                              3
       When reviewing agency decisions, we must begin by examining whether we have

subject matter jurisdiction to hear a petitioner’s arguments. As a general rule, we lack the

jurisdiction to review a final order of removal until an alien has exhausted all

administrative remedies. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1); Bejar v. Ashcroft, 

,

132 (3d Cir. 2003) (holding that an alien’s failure to timely appeal to the BIA constitutes

a failure to exhaust administrative remedies). Petitioner Manasse both failed to bring a

timely appeal before the BIA and did not petition the BIA to reopen his case or reconsider

his appeal. Accordingly, he has failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. This defect

bars judicial review of Manasse’s petition for CAT protection. See Abdulrahman v.

Ashcroft, 

, 594-95 (3d Cir. 2003).

                                             III.

       For similar reasons, this Court lacks jurisdiction to hear Manasse’s claims of

ineffective assistance of counsel. A habeas petitioner in Manasse’s circumstances, who

has neither exhausted administrative remedies nor provided a reasonable explanation for

his failure to petition the BIA for reopening, may not present such claims to this Court.

See Bejar v. Ashcroft, 

, 132 (3d Cir. 2003) (holding that this Court cannot

hear ineffective assistance of counsel arguments in the case of an alien who failed to

submit a BIA appeal within the prescribed statutory window); see also Hernandez v.

Reno, 

, 55 (1st Cir. 2001) (ruling that even if the petitioner faces the threat of

immediate deportation, he should show good cause why he has not previously sought a

discretionary stay of deportation, as well as reopening, from the BIA). We also note that

                                              4
Manasse has provided us with no documentary evidence demonstrating that he has

complied with the requirements of Matter of Lozada, 19 I. & N. Dec. 637, 639 

(BIA 1998), the BIA case that sets the standards for alleging ineffective

assistance of counsel.

                                             IV.

       Even assuming arguendo that Manasse’s claims were properly exhausted, we

would nonetheless deny his petition for review because we see no merit in the CAT

claim. Manasse was not prejudiced by his counsel’s mistake that deprived him of BIA

review. In his brief, Manasse argues that Haitian prison conditions for returned criminal

deportees amount to torture. We reject this contention because it is completely controlled

by this Court’s opinion in Auguste v. Ridge, 

(3d Cir. 2005), recently

reaffirmed in Toussaint v. Attorney General of the United States, ---F.3d---, 

*6 (3d Cir. July 26, 2004). In Auguste we concluded that the prison conditions

Manasse fears do not amount to torture in the context of CAT. Specifically, this Court

held that the period of indefinite detention suffered by criminal Haitian deportees does

not constitute torture because Haitian authorities lack the requisite specific intent for a

determination of 

.

       In light of the clear legal precept announced in Auguste, Manasse’s claim of

ineffective assistance of counsel would also fail. This Court has determined that “to

advance a successful claim for ineffective assistance of counsel, an alien must

demonstrate prejudice. . . .” See Ponce-Leiva v. Ashcroft, 

, 377 (2003). Put

                                              5
simply, Manasse must show that there is a “reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s

unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Strickland

v. Washington, 

, 694 (1983). Manasse has not met this burden. He fails to

demonstrate how the facts of his case differ from the facts in Auguste; we simply cannot

see how any attorney would have altered the outcome of his appeal to the BIA.



                                          *****

       We have considered all of the arguments advanced by the parties and conclude

that no further discussion is necessary. Accordingly, we will dismiss this petition for

lack of jurisdiction.




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