Opinions of the United
2009 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


6-26-2009

Tito Reyes v. Raymond Sobina
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 09-1348




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Recommended Citation
"Tito Reyes v. Raymond Sobina" (2009). 2009 Decisions. Paper 1118.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2009/1118


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BLD-209                                           NOT PRECEDENTIAL
                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                      No. 09-1348
                                      ___________

                                      TITO REYES,
                                                         Appellant

                                            v.

                        RAYMOND SOBINA, Superintendent;
                             DEPUTY SUPT. BARONE
                      ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Western District of Pennsylvania
                               (D.C. Civil No. 08-cv-00067)
                      District Judge: Honorable Sean J. McLaughlin
                      ____________________________________

         Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)
         or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                    June 11, 2009
              Before: MCKEE, FISHER and CHAGARES, Circuit Judges

                              (Opinion filed: June 26, 2009 )
                                       _________

                                        OPINION
                                        _________

PER CURIAM

       Tito Reyes, an inmate at SCI-Forest, appeals from an order of the District Court

granting summary judgment in favor of the defendants in this pro se civil rights action.

For the reasons that follow, we will summarily affirm.
       Reyes filed an action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging that prison officials

violated his constitutional rights by providing poor medical care regarding the removal of

his cataracts and by ordering him to work with hazardous chemicals in the kitchen after

his surgery. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss on the ground that Reyes had failed

to exhaust his administrative remedies as required by the Prison Litigation Reform Act

(“PLRA”). 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). To support the motion, the defendants submitted a

declaration from Christina Kennedy, the prison superintendent’s assistant, indicating that

Reyes had submitted only one grievance while incarcerated at SCI-Forest. That grievance

was dated January 31, 2008, and it was rejected as untimely because it related to work

issues from 2006 and 2007. According to Kennedy’s declaration, Reyes did not appeal

this decision. In his brief in opposition to the defendants’ motion, Reyes did not address

the issue of exhaustion or provide evidence that he had complied with the prison’s

grievance procedure; instead, he merely reiterated the merits of his case.

       The Magistrate Judge treated the defendants’ motion to dismiss as one for

summary judgment and recommended that it be granted because Reyes had not exhausted

his administrative remedies in accordance with the PLRA.1 Reyes did not object to the


   1
    “If, on a motion under Rule 12(b)(6) . . . matters outside the pleadings are presented
to and not excluded by the court, the motion must be treated as one for summary
judgment under Rule 56.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(d). Here, the defendants submitted evidence
with their motion to dismiss. In addition, the Commonwealth's Rule 12(b) motion invited
the District Court to convert it to a request for summary judgment if necessary.
Accordingly, Reyes was sufficiently on notice of the possible conversion to summary
judgment. See In re Rockefeller Ctr. Props., Inc. Sec. Litig., 

, 288-89 (3d

                                             2
Magistrate Judge’s report. By order entered January 8, 2009, the District Court adopted

the Magistrate Judge’s recommendation and granted the defendants’ motion. Reyes then

filed a timely appeal.

       We have jurisdiction to hear this appeal. 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Summary judgment is

proper, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, where, viewing

the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party and drawing all

inferences in favor of that party, no genuine issue of material fact exists. Fed. R. Civ. P.

56(c); Kaucher v. County of Bucks, 

, 422-23 (3d Cir. 2006). We exercise

plenary review over the District Court’s order granting summary judgment. Camp v.

Brennan, 

, 280 (3d Cir. 2000).

       The PLRA prohibits an inmate from bringing a civil rights suit alleging specific

acts of unconstitutional conduct by prison officials until he has exhausted available

administrative remedies. 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). “[E]xhaustion is mandatory under the

PLRA and . . . unexhausted claims cannot be brought in court.” Jones v. Bock, 

, 211 (2007). Pennsylvania’s Inmate Grievance System, DC-ADM 804, requires a

prisoner to follow a three-step review process: An initial grievance must be submitted to



Cir. 1999). In any event, we note that Reyes responded to the Commonwealth's motion to
dismiss by submitting outside material of his own. Moreover, the Magistrate Judge's
Report and Recommendation made explicit the conversion to summary judgment, and
Reyes was given time to file objections. He did not. For the sake of completeness, we
note that—in some cases, anyway—it is acceptable to dismiss a prisoner's complaint
under 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) at the pleadings stage. See, e.g., Spruill v. Gillis, 

, 223 (3d Cir. 2004).

                                              3
the Grievance Coordinator within 15 days after the events upon which the claims are

based. See DC-ADM 804, Part VI.A.8. If the Grievance Coordinator’s decision is

adverse to the inmate, it can be appealed to the local prison’s Facility Manager or

Superintendent. See DC-ADM 804, Part VI.C. Once the intermediate decision is made,

the inmate has 15 days from the date that the decision was received to file a final appeal

with the Office of Inmate Grievances and Appeals. See DC-ADM 804, Part VI.D.

       In support of their motion to dismiss, the defendants submitted a declaration

indicating that Reyes had “filed only one grievance while at SCI-Forest, on January 31,

2008, [that] [i]t was rejected as untimely because it related to work issues from 2006 and

2007, . . . [and] that [h]e did not appeal the rejection . . . .” Reyes did not present any

evidence to contradict the defendants’ claim that he had failed to comply with the

PLRA’s exhaustion requirement. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e). Under the circumstances, we

agree that Reyes failed to exhaust his available administrative remedies.

       For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that this appeal presents no substantial

question. Accordingly, we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.




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