Opinions of the United
2009 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


1-6-2009

Lin v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 07-2998




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                                                              NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                      No. 07-2998


                                      XIANG LIN,
                                                       Petitioner

                                           v.

                           ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE
                                UNITED STATES,
                                               Respondent


                 On Petition for Review of a Decision and Order of the
                             Board of Immigration Appeals
                                (BIA No. A76-785-719)

                         Immigration Judge: Daniel A. Meisner


                       Submitted under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                                   October 28, 2008

               BEFORE: SLOVITER and GREENBERG, Circuit Judges,
                         and IRENAS, District Judge*

                                (Filed: January 6, 2009)


                              OPINION OF THE COURT


*The Honorable Joseph Irenas, Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the
 District of New Jersey, sitting by designation.

GREENBERG, Circuit Judge.
       This matter comes on before this Court on a petition for review brought by

petitioner Xiang Lin of a decision and order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

(“BIA”) entered June 13, 2007. Lin is a citizen of the People’s Republic of China from

Fujian Province who entered the United States on or about October 23, 1998.

Subsequently Lin was served with a notice to appear which set forth that he entered in the

United States in violation of the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) through the use

of fraud or willful misrepresentation and because he entered without inspection.

       Lin did not deny that he had entered the country in violation of the INA but he

sought to avoid removal by applying for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief

pursuant to the Convention Against Torture. He claimed that he had been persecuted in

China because he was a Christian. After a hearing on February 28, 2000, an immigration

judge (“IJ”) concluded that Lin had not “established either past persecution against

himself or a close family member [or that he had] a genuine subjective fear nor an

objective fear that if he returns to the People’s Republic of China at this point in time that

he would be subject to persecution on account of his race, religion, nationality,

membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” App. at 186. Thus, the IJ

denied Lin’s application for asylum, withholding of removal and relief under the

Convention Against Torture and “order[ed] [him] removed from the United States as an

arriving alien.” 

Lin appealed to the BIA which on October 2, 2002, affirmed

the decision and order of the IJ without opinion. Lin did not file a petition of review of



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the BIA’s order.

       Lin ignored the foregoing proceedings and remained in the United States, married,

and had two children born in this country. He, however, did file a motion to reopen and a

request to file a successive asylum application on January 22, 2007. As the BIA set forth

in its decision under review, neither procedure would have been timely unless predicated

on changed conditions in China. Lin apparently recognized that he might need to satisfy

the changed conditions requirement to justify his motion to reopen for in its introduction

he set forth that:

              [Lin] now seeks to reopen his proceedings in light of a change of
       conditions in China and new facts that are material and crucial, but were
       previously unavailable to [Lin] at the time of his previous motion to reopen.
       The material and crucial change of conditions in China pertains to the
       extent and severity of persecutive means employed to enforce the country’s
       Population and Family Planning Laws (PFPL), as evidenced by the 2005
       State Department Country Report on China. As a result of the change of
       conditions, time limitations do not bar [Lin’s] motion.

App. at 13 (emphasis in original).

       Lin filed numerous documents with his motion, six in the category of “Personal

Evidence” and eleven in the category of “Background Information.” The background

information documents were as follows:

       1.      Policy statement from the Administrative Office of the
               National Population and Family Planning Committee;

       2.      Changle City Family Planning Q & A Handbook;

       3.      Testimony of Mr. John Aird on China’s New Family Planning
               Law, dated September 23, 2002;

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       4.     The consular information sheet, May 29, 2003;

       5.     2004 country report (issued 2/28/2005);

       6.     2005 country report (issued 3/8/2006);

       7.     Policy letter on the issue of identification of nationality from
              the Department of Public Security of the People’s Republic of
              China;

       8.     Congressional -- Executive Commission on China (2005
              Annual Report);

       9.     Testimony by Mr. Harry Wu before the Congress on
              December 14, 2004;

       10.    China shamed by forced abortions, Time Online (2005);

       11.    Who Controls the Family, Washingtonpost.com (2005).

       On June 13, 2007, the BIA entered an order denying Lin’s application on the

ground that it was untimely by reason of having been filed beyond the 90-day filing limit

set forth in 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2) and Lin did not demonstrate that there had been

changed conditions in China from the time of his original proceedings that would excuse

his otherwise late filing under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii). Lin challenges the BIA’s

conclusion on the proceedings on this petition for review.

       The BIA had jurisdiction under 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c) and we have jurisdiction

pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review the decision and order of the BIA in an abuse of

discretion standard. Guo v. Ashcroft, 

, 562 (3d Cir. 2004).

       It is clear that in light of Zheng v. Attorney General, No. 07-3122,      F.3d   ,



                                             4


(3d Cir. Nov. 26, 2008), we are required to remand the matter to the

BIA for reconsideration. The problem with the BIA’s decision is that it does not indicate

that the BIA considered any of the eleven background documents that Lin submitted with

his application to reopen and for permission to file a successive asylum application.

       In its decision the BIA stated that Lin had not established that if the proceedings

were reopened he would have reasonable likelihood of success on the merits, undoubtedly

a legally sound basis to deny an application to reopen. See Sevoian v. Ashcroft, 

, 169-70 (3d Cir. 2002). But the decision nevertheless does not meet the Zheng

standard because the BIA based it solely on the BIA having taken “administrative notice

of the most recent report on conditions in China, ‘China: Profile of Asylum Claims and

Country Conditions,’ dated May 2007, . . . and ‘China, Profile of Asylum Claims and

Country Conditions,’ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (May 2007).”

App. at 3. The BIA believed these documents did not support Lin’s claim “that he would

be sterilized upon return to China.” 

no quarrel with the decision of the BIA to the extent based on the

materials that it considered. Our difficulty is that its decision made no reference to the

documents that Lin submitted with his application though the standards we clearly later

set forth in Zheng require that it do so. It well may be that the BIA did consider Lin’s

submissions but found them inadequate to support his application and if it did so and set

forth in its decision that it had considered them it is quite likely that given the standard of



                                               5
review on a petition for review of a denial of a motion to reopen that we would have

denied the petition in all respects. But nevertheless we are required to remand the matter

so that the BIA may consider Lin’s submissions and then reach its decision.

       We emphasize that we do not suggest that the BIA reached the wrong result as we

only question its methodology in reaching the result it did. On remand it again might

conclude that it should deny Lin’s application and if it does reach that conclusion this

opinion will not stand in its way.

       For the foregoing reasons, we will grant the petition for review, vacate the BIA’s

order of June 13, 2007, and remand the case to the BIA for further proceedings consistent

with this opinion in which it should consider the evidence that Lin presented and in its

decision indicate that it has done so.




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