BLD-237                                                        NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                       No. 19-1334
                                       ___________

          JOHN E. REARDON; JUDITH A. REARDON; JOHN J. REARDON

                                             v.

    NOEL HILLMAN; JAY SANCHEZ; DESIREE RAMSEY; RYAN MERRIGAN

                                  John E. Reardon,
                                           Appellant
                       ____________________________________

                    On Appeal from the United States District Court
                             for the District of New Jersey
                            (D.C. Civil No. 3-18-cv-01296)
                    Magistrate Judge: Honorable Brian R. Martinotti
                     ____________________________________

                 Submitted on Appellees’ Motion for Summary Action
                  Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                     July 18, 2019
               Before: AMBRO, KRAUSE, and PORTER, Circuit Judges

                               (Opinion filed July 19, 2019)
                                      ___________

                                        OPINION *
                                       ___________

PER CURIAM




*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
       Pro se appellant John Reardon appeals the District Court’s order denying several

post-judgment motions. The Government has filed a motion for summary affirmance.

We will grant the Government’s motion and summarily affirm the District Court’s

judgment. See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4; 3d Cir. I.O.P. 10.6.

       In his complaint, Reardon alleged that District Judge Noel Hillman and three

employees of the District of New Jersey’s Clerk’s Office violated his constitutional rights

by refusing to enter default and a default judgment in his favor in two other actions that

he litigated in the District of New Jersey. The District Court dismissed the complaint

with prejudice as to Judge Hillman and without prejudice as to the other defendants.

Reardon elected to stand on his complaint and appealed to this Court. We affirmed,

concluding that “[t]he District Court correctly concluded that absolute judicial immunity

applies in this case insofar as Reardon claims his injuries stem directly from the failure of

District Judge Hillman and the Clerk’s Office employees to direct the entry of default

judgment in his favor.” See Reardon v. Hillman, 735 F. App’x 45, 46 (3d Cir. 2018) (per

curiam) (non-precedential).

       Reardon then filed a Rule 60(b) motion in the District Court. He alleged that the

Courts had erred in concluding that the defendants were immune from suit and that the

District Court had erroneously dismissed his complaint sua sponte. He also filed a

motion to amend his complaint and a motion to recuse the District Judge. The District

Court denied the motions, and Reardon filed a timely notice of appeal.

       We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise plenary review over

the denial of relief under Rule 60(b)(4), and we review orders concerning other

                                              2
subsections of Rule 60(b) for abuse of discretion. See Budget Blinds, Inc. v. White, 

, 251 & n.5 (3d Cir. 2008). We review the District Court’s denial of Reardon’s

motions for leave to amend and for recusal for abuse of discretion. See City of

Cambridge Ret. Sys. v. Altisource Asset Mgmt. Corp., 

, 878 (3d Cir. 2018)

(amendment); Selkridge v. United of Omaha Life Ins. Co., 

, 166 (3d Cir.

2004) (recusal).

       The District Court did not err in denying Reardon’s motions. He raised on direct

appeal all of the arguments that he presented in his Rule 60(b) motion, and in affirming,

we necessarily rejected those arguments. “A request for relief pursuant to Rule 60(b)

cannot be used as a substitute for an appeal,” Morris v. Horn, 

, 343 (3d Cir.

1999) (alteration omitted) (quoting Rolo v. City Investing Co. Liquidating Trust, 

, 653 (3d Cir. 1998)), let alone as a substitute for rehearing or certiorari, see

Reform Party of Allegheny Cty. v. Allegheny Cty. Dep’t of Elections, 

, 312

(3d Cir. 1999) (en banc); see also United Student Aid Funds, Inc. v. Espinosa, 

, 270 (2010) (“[A] motion under Rule 60(b)(4) is not a substitute for a timely

appeal.”). Thus, the District Court properly denied Reardon’s Rule 60(b) motion. See

generally Bell v. Eastman Kodak Co., 

, 801 (7th Cir. 2000) (“The ground

for setting aside a judgment under Rule 60(b) must be something that could not have

been used to obtain a reversal by means of a direct appeal.”).

       Nor did the District Court err in denying Reardon’s request to amend his

complaint. The District Court provided Reardon with an opportunity to amend his

complaint when it initially dismissed it, but Reardon instead chose to appeal immediately.

                                              3
While Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a) gives district courts broad discretion to permit amendment,

“the liberality of the rule is no longer applicable once judgment has been entered,” and

instead, amendment “cannot be allowed until the judgment is set aside or vacated under

Rule 59 or Rule 60.” Ahmed v. Dragovich, 

, 207–08 (3d Cir. 2002)

(quotation marks omitted). As just noted, Reardon provided no valid basis to reopen the

judgment under Rule 60(b). Moreover, insofar as Reardon merely reasserted essentially

the same claims that this Court had already concluded were barred by the defendants’

immunity, any amendment would have been futile. See generally 

       Finally, the District Court committed no error in denying Reardon’s motion to

recuse. Reardon’s motion was premised on his belief that the District Court acted

improperly in dismissing his complaint, but “[w]e have repeatedly stated that a party’s

displeasure with legal rulings does not form an adequate basis for recusal.” Securacomm

Consulting, Inc. v. Securacom Inc., 

, 278 (3d Cir. 2000).

       Accordingly, we grant the Government’s motion for summary disposition and will

summarily affirm the District Court’s judgment.




                                             4