DLD-274                                                        NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                            FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                                 ___________

                                      No. 19-1907
                                      ___________

                                 MARIO ANTON LEE,
                                            Appellant

                                             v.

                            WARDEN LEWISBURG USP
                       ____________________________________

                     On Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                              (D.C. Civil No. 3-19-cv-00250)
                     District Judge: Honorable Malachy E. Mannion
                      ____________________________________

         Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)
        or Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
                                   September 5, 2019
        Before: JORDAN, GREENAWAY JR. and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges

                           (Opinion filed: September 24, 2019)
                                      ___________

                                       OPINION *
                                      ___________

PER CURIAM




*
 This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
       Pro se appellant Mario Anton Lee appeals the District Court’s order dismissing his

petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. For the reasons detailed below, we will summarily

affirm the District Court’s judgment. See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4; 3d Cir. I.O.P. 10.6.

       In 2001, after a trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of

Alabama, a jury found Lee guilty of conspiracy to distribute cocaine in violation of 21

U.S.C. § 846, possession with intent to distribute heroin in violation of 21 U.S.C.

§ 841(a)(1), possession with intent to distribute marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C.

§ 8412(a)(1), and three counts of money laundering in violation of 18 U.S.C.

§ 1956(a)(1)(A)(i). See N.D. Ala. Cr. A. No. 2:00-cr-00347. The District Court

sentenced Lee to a total term of 105 years’ imprisonment. Lee appealed, and the

Eleventh Circuit affirmed. See 11th Cir. C.A. No. 01-13194. Lee then filed a motion

under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. The District Court denied the motion on the merits, and the

Eleventh Circuit denied Lee’s request for a certificate of appealability. See 11th Cir.

C.A. No. 06-16103. Lee has continued to attack his criminal judgment in the Northern

District of Alabama, to no avail.

       At issue in this appeal is a petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 that Lee filed in the

Middle District of Pennsylvania, his district of incarceration (at that time), challenging

his conviction in the Northern District of Alabama. More specifically, Lee alleged that

he had been sentenced in violation of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 

(2000), that

the evidence presented at trial did not prove his guilt, that the jury’s verdict was




                                              2
inconsistent, and that the indictment was deficient. 1 Approving and adopting a

Magistrate Judge’s report and recommendation, the District Court dismissed the petition,

concluding that Lee could raise his claims only, if at all, in a motion under 28 U.S.C.

§ 2255.

       Lee filed a notice of appeal. He also presents motions to be released on bail and

for appointment of counsel.

       We have jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise

plenary review over the District Court’s legal conclusions. See Cradle v. United States

ex rel. Miner, 

, 538 (3d Cir. 2002) (per curiam). 2

       We agree with the District Court’s disposition of the case. As we have previously

explained, “[m]otions pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 are the presumptive means by which

federal prisoners can challenge their convictions or sentences[.]” Okereke v. United

States, 

, 120 (3d Cir. 2002). “[U]nder the explicit terms of 28 U.S.C.

§ 2255, unless a § 2255 motion would be ‘inadequate or ineffective,’ a habeas corpus

petition under § 2241 cannot be entertained by the court.” 

(quoting § 2255(e)).

       This exception is narrow and applies in only rare circumstances. See Bruce v.

Warden Lewisburg USP, 

, 180 (3d Cir. 2017). In In re Dorsainvil, 

 Lee also filed another § 2241 petition that was separately docketed in the District Court.
His appeal from the decision in that case has been docketed in C.A. No. 19-1906.
2
 Lee does not need to obtain a certificate of appealability to proceed with this appeal.
See Bruce v. Warden Lewisburg USP, 

, 177 (3d Cir. 2017).

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245, 251–52 (3d Cir. 1997), we recognized that the exception could apply where an

intervening change in the law decriminalized the conduct for which the petitioner had

been convicted. See also Cordaro v. United States, No. 18-1022, -- F.3d --, 

, at *5 (3d Cir. Aug. 5, 2019) (explaining that this exception applies if “the

prisoner has had no earlier opportunity to challenge his conviction for a crime that an

intervening change in substantive law may negate” (quoting 

)). 3

       Lee argues that this exception applies, but we disagree. In his § 2241 petition, Lee

focused primarily on his argument that the District Court had violated Apprendi by

making findings of fact about the quantity and type of drugs involved in his offenses.

However, we have explicitly held that Ҥ 2255 [i]s not inadequate or ineffective for [a

prisoner] to raise his Apprendi argument.” 

; see also Gardner v.

Warden Lewisburg USP, 

, 103 (3d Cir. 2017). Moreover, while Lee raises a

variety of other challenges to his criminal judgment, he could have raised these

arguments on direct appeal or in his initial § 2255 motion, so he cannot pursue these

claims via § 2241. See In re 

–52; see also Queen v. Miner,

, 255 (3d Cir. 2008) (per curiam) (holding that § 2241 petitioner could not

raise issues that “either had been, or could have been, decided in his previous habeas

action”).




3
  Section 2255 is not “‘inadequate or ineffective’ so as to enable a . . . petitioner to invoke
§ 2241 merely because that petitioner is unable to meet the stringent gatekeeping
requirements of the amended § 2255.” 

(quoting In re

).
                                              4
       Accordingly, we will summarily affirm the District Court’s judgment. Lee’s

motions for appointment of counsel and release on bail are denied. See generally 18

U.S.C. § 3006A(a)(2); Landano v. Rafferty, 

, 1239 (3d Cir. 1992); Fed. R.

App. P. 23(b). To the extent that Lee requests any additional relief, it is denied.




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