UNPUBLISHED

                       UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT


                                      No. 16-2405


OTONIEL DE JESUS NAJERA MORALES,

             Petitioner,

      v.

JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney General,

             Respondent.


On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals.


Submitted: November 14, 2017                                  Decided: January 26, 2018


Before KING, SHEDD, and THACKER, Circuit Judges.


Petition denied by unpublished per curiam opinion.


Jeff Widdison, MCKINNEY IMMIGRATION LAW, Wilmington, North Carolina, for
Petitioner. Chad A. Readler, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Shelley R. Goad,
Assistant Director, Laura Halliday Hickein, Trial Attorney, Office of Immigration
Litigation, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for
Respondent.


Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:

       Otoniel de Jesus Najera Morales, a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions for

review of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) order finding him removable and

ineligible for a waiver of inadmissibility. We deny the petition.

                                             I.

       Najera Morales entered the United States without inspection. In December 1985,

he was arrested near the Texas/Mexico border along with two Colombian citizens. The

Colombians told border patrol officers that they met Najera Morales 1 in Mexico and paid

him $500 apiece in exchange for his assistance in transporting them across the border and

into Houston. Based on the foregoing, Najera Morales was charged with two counts of

aiding and abetting certain aliens to elude examination by Immigration officials in

violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(2). He pled guilty to one count of the indictment and was

removed under the name David Paz.

       Several years later, Najera Morales entered the United States as a lawful

permanent resident (LPR) based on his marriage to a United States citizen. He fathered

two children (both United States citizens) with his wife and began naturalization

proceedings. During these proceedings, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

became aware of Najera Morales’s criminal history. In addition to his prior removal

under the alias David Paz, Najera Morales had three assault convictions in North

Carolina, two of which were for an assault on a victim under the age of 12. Najera

       1
           The Colombians knew Petitioner by the alias “David Paz.”


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Morales had failed to include these prior convictions on his naturalization papers. In

March 2006, DHS issued Najera Morales a notice to appear, charging him as removable

as an alien who procured a visa by fraud. After several hearings before an Immigration

Judge (IJ) and several successful appeals to the BIA, the case was transferred.

       Prior to the transfer, DHS filed additional charges of inadmissibility against Najera

Morales, alleging that he was removable under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(A) because he was

“inadmissible” at the time of his adjustment of status because he knowingly aided another

alien to enter or try and enter the United States illegally in violation of 8 U.S.C.

§ 1182(a)(6)(E)(i) (alien smuggling).

       After the case was transferred, the IJ in Charlotte ordered Najera Morales to file a

brief outlining his requested relief. Reviewing his filing, the IJ understood Najera

Morales to be conceding removability but requesting either a waiver of inadmissibility

under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(H) or cancellation of removal. The IJ issued a written

decision concluding that Najera Morales was ineligible for a waiver because of his

§ 1325(a) conviction. Specifically, the IJ relied on the BIA’s precedential opinion in

Matter of Martinez-Serrano, 25 I & N Dec. 151 (BIA 2009), to conclude that Najera

Morales’ § 1325(a) conviction proves by clear and convincing evidence that he engaged

in alien smuggling. 2 At a later evidentiary hearing, the IJ ruled that Najera Morales was



       2
         The IJ also concluded that Najera Morales’s 1989 convictions for assault on a
victim under the age of 12 rendered him ineligible for the waiver. The BIA did not
address this ground, and it is not before us in this petition for review.


                                             3
ineligible for cancellation of removal because he was unable to prove his 17-year-old

daughter would suffer an undue hardship if he was removed. 3

       Najera Morales appealed to the BIA. The BIA dismissed the appeal concluding

that, under Martinez-Serrano, the IJ correctly found Najera Morales ineligible for a

waiver. The BIA concluded that Najera Morales was removable under § 1227(a)(1)(A)

because he was inadmissible at the time he applied for lawful permanent resident status

because he engaged in alien smuggling. 4 In determining that Najera Morales had engaged

in alien smuggling, the BIA focused on his prior conviction under § 1325(a). Section

1325(a) is violated by “[a]ny alien who (1) enters or attempts to enter the United States at

any time or place other than as designated by immigration officers, or (2) eludes

examination or inspection by immigration officers, or (3) attempts to enter or obtains

entry to the United States by a willfully false or misleading representation or the willful

concealment of a material fact.” 8 U.S.C. § 1325(a). The BIA concluded that Najera

Morales’s conviction under § 1325(a)(2) was clear and convincing evidence that he had

assisted or abetted an alien to enter the United States in violation of law. The BIA also

rejected Najera Morales’s argument that the IJ violated his due process rights by failing

to allow Najera Morales to present evidence on his § 1325(a) conviction.


       3
         Najera Morales is no longer pursuing cancellation of removal because his
daughter has attained the age of majority.
       4
          Under § 1182(a)(6)(E)(i), an alien who knowingly “has encouraged, induced,
assisted, abetted, or aided any other alien to enter or to try to enter the United States in
violation of law” is inadmissible. 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(E)(i).


                                             4
                                               II.

         The Government bears the burden of proving removability by clear and

convincing evidence, and we review the removability determination for substantial

evidence. Munyakazi v. Lynch, 

, 298 (4th Cir. 2016). Substantial evidence is

“a narrow and deferential review under which the agency’s factual findings are

conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the

contrary.” 

and quotation marks omitted). We review the BIA’s legal

determinations de novo, but “generally give Chevron 5 deference to the BIA’s statutory

interpretations.” Martinez v. Holder, 

, 909 (4th Cir. 2014).

         Najera Morales also raises a constitutional claim, alleging that the IJ’s refusal to

permit him to enter evidence regarding the circumstances of his prior conviction violated

his due process rights. “To succeed on a due process claim in an asylum or deportation

proceeding, the alien must establish two closely linked elements: (1) that a defect in the

proceeding rendered it fundamentally unfair and (2) that the defect prejudiced the

outcome of the case.” Anim v. Mukasey, 

, 256 (4th Cir. 2008). “The second

element . . . requires consideration of whether the defect, in retrospect in a specific case,

was “likely to impact the results of the proceedings.” 

v. INS, 

, 320–21 (4th Cir. 2002)).




         5
             Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 

, 842–43,
(1984)


                                               5
      Having reviewed the record and the parties’ briefs, we conclude the BIA’s

determination that Najera Morales engaged in alien smuggling is supported by substantial

evidence because his prior conviction under § 1325(a) constituted clear and convincing

evidence that Najera Morales knowingly assisted, abetted, or aided an alien to enter or to

try to enter the United States in violation of law. We likewise conclude that Najera

Morales’s due process claim is without merit because any “defect” in the proceedings

before the IJ and BIA did not prejudice him. Accordingly, we deny the petition for

review. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are

adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the

decisional process.

                                                                     PETITION DENIED




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