DOUG MARTIN, Judge.
Appellee Discover Bank filed a complaint in Pulaski County Circuit Court against appellant Deborah Dobbs on July 11, 2011, alleging that Dobbs had a past-due balance of $13,216.11 on her Discover Card account. The complaint was served on Dobbs on July 25, 2011. Dobbs filed her answer on August 9, 2011, generally denying the allegations in the complaint and affirmatively stating, among other things, that the summons was defective and defectively served so that the case should be dismissed pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b).
The matter proceeded to trial on October 31, 2011. Before Discover Bank Began calling its witnesses, Dobbs asked the court to consider her motion to dismiss. At that time, she raised several issues, arguing that the summons was defectively served because Federal Express ("FedEx"), a commercial delivery company, delivered it to her husband, rather than to her personally, in violation of Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(d)(8)(C); she also contended that FedEx was not an approved commercial delivery company. Dobbs further asserted that there were "at least six or seven errors on the face of the summons," including what she described as missing and improper language that was at variance with the "Official Form of Summons" described in the rules of civil procedure.
In cases where the appellant claims that the trial court erred in denying a motion to dismiss based on alleged errors in the process of service, our standard of review is whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion to dismiss. Nobles v. Tumey, 2010 Ark.App. 731, 379 S.W.3d 639; Kuelbs v. Hill, 2010 Ark.App. 427, 379 S.W.3d 47. Moreover, where the issue presented involves the correct interpretation of an Arkansas court rule, the issue is a question of law that the appellate court reviews de novo. Holliman v. Johnson, 2012 Ark.App. 354, 417 S.W.3d 222; Solis v. State, 371 Ark. 590, 269 S.W.3d 352 (2007).
1 he law in Arkansas is well settled that service of valid process is necessary to give a court jurisdiction over a defendant. See Patsy Simmons P'ship Ltd. v. Finch, 2010 Ark. 451, 370 S.W.3d 257; Smith v. Sidney Moncrief Pontiac, Buick, GMC Co., 353 Ark. 701, 120 S.W.3d 525 (2003). It, is equally settled that service requirements set out by rules, being in derogation of common-law rights, must be strictly construed and compliance with them must be exact. Patsy Simmons P'ship, supra; Carruth v. Design Interiors, Inc., 324 Ark. 373, 374-75, 921 S.W.2d 944, 945 (1996). Specifically, the appellate courts have consistently required that the technical requirements of a summons as set out in Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(b) be strictly construed and compliance with those requirements be exact. Smith, 353 Ark. at 709, 120 S.W.3d at 530 (citing Thompson v. Potlatch Corp., 326 Ark. 244, 930 S.W.2d 355 (1996)). The supreme court has recently said that this "bright line standard of strict compliance permits certainty in the law; whereas, a substantial compliance standard would lead to an ad hoc analysis in each case in order to determine whether the due-process requirements of the Arkansas and U.S. Constitutions have been met." Trusclair v. McGowan Working Partners, 2009 Ark. 203, at 4, 306 S.W.3d 428, 430.
In her first point on appeal, Dobbs contends that the circuit court erred in denying her motion to dismiss because the summons was defective in the following respects: 1) the summons failed to list the address for the clerk of the court; 2) it did not state that it was from "The State of Arkansas to Defendant"; 3) it failed to state an address for Discover Bank's attorney; and 4) it excluded the "mandatory" language, "judgment by default may be entered against you for the relief asked in the complaint unless you file a written answer or motion under Rule 12 of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure and thereafter appear and present your defense."
Rule 4(b) of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure governs the form of summonses and provides as follows:
Our court recently held that only the "actual language of subsection (b) in Rule 4 of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure sets forth the items that must be included in a summons, the lack of which might render it void under the `exact compliance' standard." Talley v. Asset Acceptance, LLC, 2011 Ark.App. 757, at 4, 2011 WL 6064975.
Thus, we reject Dobbs's first contention that the summons was defective because it failed to list the address for the Pulaski County Clerk's Office. In Talley, supra, this court specifically held that "[n]othing contained in subsection (b) requires the court address to appear in the summons," and the fact that the "Official Form of Summons" contained a blank for that information to be filled in was "secondary." Id. at 4. The actual language of Rule 4(b) requires that the summons "shall be dated and signed by the clerk," and that requirement was satisfied here. Thus, there is no merit to this portion of Dobbs's argument.
We also reject Dobbs's challenge to the summons on the basis that, as she phrases her argument, it "excludes the mandatory language, `judgment by default may be entered against you for the relief asked in the complaint unless you file a written answer or motion under Rule 12 of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure and thereafter appear and present your defense.'" This language is again from the "Official Form of Summons."
The summons here contains the following statement. "The attached Complaint will be considered admitted by you and a judgment by default may be entered against you for the relief asked in the Complaint unless you file a written response to answer and thereafter appear and present your defense." Although this is not a verbatim recitation of the language of Rule 4(b), the summons conveys precisely the information that the Rule requires. Again, then, Dobbs's argument is unavailing.
We find merit, however, in Dobbs's other points, wherein she complains that the summons does not state the address of the plaintiff's attorney and is not brought in the name of the State of Arkansas. First, the language of Rule 4(b) specifically requires the summons to include the plaintiff's attorney's address, and the summons here simply does not do so. Discover Bank admits that this information is not present on the summons, but it argues that the lack of its attorney's address is immaterial because the address is listed on the complaint that was attached to the summons. While it may seem a minor detail, this information is required by the rule, and nothing in the plain language of the rule appears to permit the required information to merely be incorporated from somewhere else. Thus, we conclude that the summons was defective in this respect.
Finally, Dobbs challenges the fact that the summons simply states that it is
Gatson, 2011 Ark. 125, at 5, 2011 WL 1206500. The court thus found that Gatson's summons fell short of strict compliance with the direction requirement of Rule 4(b). Id.
Here, the summons runs in no one's name; it simply states that it is directed "to the above named defendant." In light of the holding of Gatson that a summons must run in the name of the State of Arkansas, we conclude that the failure of the summons to issue under any authority rendered Discover Bank's summons defective.
In her second argument on appeal, Dobbs contends that the circuit court should have dismissed the complaint because service was made, not on her, but on her husband by a commercial delivery company that was not registered with the Pulaski County Circuit Court. This argument requires consideration of Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 4(d)(8)(C), which provides in pertinent part as follows:
Arkansas law is long settled that service of valid process is necessary to give a court jurisdiction over a defendant. Raymond v. Raymond, 343 Ark. 480, 36 S.W.3d 733 (2001); Ivy v. Office of Child Support Enforcement,
Here, Dobbs argues that the service via FedEx on her husband did not strictly comply with the requirements of Rule 4(d)(8)(C). She notes that there is no evidence that FedEx maintains permanent records of actual delivery or that it has been approved by the Pulaski County Circuit Court. Moreover, she urges that service was insufficient because the summons was not delivered to her personally or to an agent authorized to receive service of process; rather, the summons was left with her husband.
As to the status of FedEx, Discover Bank responds in its appellate brief by asserting that, prior to filing suit in Pulaski County, its attorney contacted the Pulaski County Circuit Clerk and was informed that FedEx, along with UPS and the United States Postal Service, were all approved commercial delivery companies. Discover Bank, however, did not make this representation before the trial court, and, moreover, it offers this court no substantive evidence, such as an affidavit from its attorney or the clerk's office, that supports its assertion. Our service rules place an "extremely heavy burden" on the plaintiff to demonstrate that compliance with those rules has been had. See, e.g., Southeast Foods, Inc. v. Keener, 335 Ark. 209, 979 S.W.2d 885 (1998); Meeks v. Stevens, 301 Ark. 464, 785 S.W.2d 18 (1990). We thus conclude that Discover Bank's failure to offer any actual proof of its conversation with the Pulaski County Clerk's Office is fatal to its argument.
Alternatively, we find merit in Dobbs's argument that service of process was invalid because the summons was not served on her personally. As mentioned above, the summons was delivered by FedEx and signed for by Dobbs's husband. Rule 4(d)(8)(C) governs situations where a commercial delivery company makes personal service upon an individual, and the rule requires that the summons must be delivered to the defendant or an agent authorized to receive service of process on the defendant's behalf.
Discover Bank's attempt at personal service failed either of these methods. First, the summons and complaint were not delivered to Dobbs personally. Second, while the summons and complaint were undisputedly left with Dobbs's husband, Discover Bank offered no evidence that Dobbs's husband was an "agent authorized to receive service of process" on Dobbs's behalf. Thus, we conclude that the trial court erred in finding that service of process was effective.
Finally, Discover Bank argues that, even if service was improper, Dobbs waived or cured the defect "when she filed her answer that both sought affirmative relief of the court and did not specifically state how the summons was defective or defectively served." Discover Bank relies on Trelfa v. Simmons First Bank of Jonesboro, 98 Ark.App. 287, 254 S.W.3d 775 (2007), as holding that any action on the part of the defendant, except to object to jurisdiction, will amount to an appearance, and a court acquires jurisdiction — whether a summons was served or not — over a defendant when the defendant voluntarily appears and proceeds without objection.
We reject Discover Bank's argument. The kind of "affirmative relief" to which the court referred in Farm Bureau, supra, was something' "more than a defensive action," such as "where a defendant filed a cross-complaint." Farm Bureau, 315 Ark. at 141, 865 S.W.2d at 645 (citing Utley v. Heckinger, 235 Ark. 780, 362 S.W.2d 13 (1962); Burton v. Sanders, 230 Ark. 67, 321 S.W.2d 209 (1959)). The defendant in Farm Bureau, like Dobbs in the instant case, filed a responsive pleading denying the allegations of the complaint and raising the defense of insufficient service of process; in addition, the defendant, like Dobbs, propounded interrogatories of its own and answered the plaintiffs' requests for discovery. The supreme court in Farm Bureau determined that these actions did not constitute the seeking of "affirmative relief." Id. at 141, 865 S.W.2d at 645-46. An answer with boilerplate language seeking attorney's fees and "all other relief to which [the party] may be entitled" is not a request for affirmative relief. Bituminous, Inc. v. Uerling, 270 Ark. 904, 907, 607 S.W.2d 331, 333 (1980) (request for attorney's fees did not amount to a prayer for affirmative relief so as to operate as a general appearance and thus a waiver of a venue objection).
Finally, to the extent Discover Bank argues that Dobbs failed to specifically and sufficiently plead the defenses of insufficiency of process and insufficiency of service of process, it is incorrect. It is, of course, well settled that, pursuant to Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(1), a party waives the defense of insufficiency of process under Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(4) or insufficiency of service of process under Ark.R. Civ. P. 12(b)(5) if he or she fails to raise the argument in either the answer or a motion filed simultaneously with or before the answer. Posey v. St. Bernard's Healthcare, Inc., 365 Ark. 154, 226 S.W.3d 757 (2006); Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Campbell, supra. The Rule 12(b) defenses must be specifically pled. Holliman v. Johnson, 2012 Ark.App. 354, at 6, 417 S.W.3d 222, 225, see also Ark. R. Civ. P. 12(h) ("A defense of ... insufficiency of process [or] insufficiency of service of process ... is waived ... if it is neither made by motion under this rule nor included in the original responsive pleading.").
In Holliman, on which Discover Bank relies, this court held that the defendant failed to preserve an objection based on insufficiency of process and insufficiency of service of process when, in her answer, she generically pled that the complaint "should be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b) of the
Discover Bank argues that Dobbs's answer was insufficient to raise these defenses because it stated only that the "summons was defective and defectively served and the case must be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b) of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure." While it is true that the answer does not state the specific Rule 12 subsections, it clearly states that Dobbs is challenging both the sufficiency of the summons and the service thereof. This distinguishes the instant case from Holliman, in which the defendant only generally recited "Rule 12(b)," without specifying the part of the rule on which she was relying. Discover Bank was clearly put on notice that Dobbs's challenge was to process and service of process. As such, we reject its arguments on this issue.
When service is not made in any manner for which Rule 4 provides, the service and the judgment entered thereon are void ab initio. See Wilkins v. Food Plus, Inc., 99 Ark.App. 64, 257 S.W.3d 107 (2007). As such, the judgment of the trial court in favor of Discover Bank is reversed.
Reversed.
PITTMAN and ABRAMSON, JJ., agree.