ROTHENBERG, J.
Defendant Luz Elisabeth Diaz appeals from a final summary judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff, Bell MicroProducts-Future Tech, Inc., challenging the trial court's finding of liability and the award of treble damages. We reverse and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
The plaintiff filed a nine-count complaint against USA Direct Technologies Corp., a dissolved Florida corporation; Barry A. Labarbera; and Diaz. Counts IV through VII allege that between February and March 2006, USA Direct issued four checks to the plaintiff in the amounts of $4020, $7350, $4806, and $3630; upon presentation of the checks, the drawee bank refused payment; and thereafter, pursuant to section 68.065, Florida Statutes (2006), the plaintiff made written demand on defendant USA Direct. In addition to the amount of each check, the plaintiff sought treble damages, court costs, prejudgment interest, and reasonable attorney's fees against USA Direct. The four checks were attached to the complaint.
Count IX alleges that on or about May 2004, Diaz executed a personal guaranty agreeing to pay to the plaintiff any unpaid debts incurred by USA Direct, and that in reliance on the personal guaranty, the plaintiff extended credit to USA Direct in the amount of $20,310.
Diaz filed a pro se answer to the complaint, raising, in part, a possible defense to the entry of treble damages—the failure to satisfy the dishonored checks was due to economic hardship as USA Direct was dissolved. Thereafter, the plaintiff moved for a default final judgment against USA Direct and Labarbera, and for summary judgment against Diaz. The trial court entered final summary judgment in favor of the plaintiff against Diaz, awarding the plaintiff the principal sum of $20,310, treble damages in the amount of $47,358, prejudgment interest in the amount of $10,380.37, court costs, and attorney's fees. The trial court also entered a default final judgment in favor of the plaintiff against USA Direct and Labarbera finding USA Direct and Labarbera liable for treble damages. Diaz's appeal followed.
Diaz contends that the trial court erred by entering final summary judgment in favor of the plaintiff as to her liability. We agree.
Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.130 provides that a written contract or
Here, the plaintiff's claim against Diaz was based on the dishonored checks issued by USA Direct and the alleged "Garantia Personal" signed by Diaz. Although the plaintiff attached the four dishonored checks and the "Garantia Personal," it failed to attach an English translation of the "Garantia Personal." As "pleadings are required to be in the English language," 40 Fla. Jur.2d Pleadings § 13 (2010), the attachment of the untranslated "Garantia Personal" does not satisfy the requirements of rule 1.130(a), and therefore, it is as if the plaintiff failed to attach to the complaint the written contract that formed the basis of its claim for relief against Diaz. As such, the plaintiff's complaint failed to state a cause of action against Diaz, see Safeco Ins. Co. of Am. v. Ware, 401 So.2d 1129, 1130 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981) ("In the case of a complaint based on a written instrument it does not state a cause of action until the instrument or an adequate portion thereof is attached to or incorporated in the pleading in question."), and therefore, the trial court erred by entering final summary judgment in favor of the plaintiff on the issue of Diaz's liability. Accordingly, we reverse the final summary judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff and against Diaz, and we remand for further proceedings. Upon remand, the plaintiff is directed to file the translated personal guaranty as an attachment to the complaint.
Although we are reversing the final summary judgment, including the award of damages, prejudgment interest, attorney's fees, and costs, we address another issue raised by Diaz as it is likely to reoccur on remand. Relying on section 68.065(6), Diaz argued that the trial court erred by entering a treble damage award against her where her answer raised a genuine issue of material fact—whether USA Direct's failure to satisfy the dishonored checks was due to economic hardship. Section 68.065(6) reads as follows:
Whether Diaz can assert this defense is dependent upon the terms of the "Garantia Personal." Generally, a guarantor steps into the shoes of the original debtor and has all the same obligations and defenses of the original debtor. See City of Lincoln v. Hershberger, 272 Neb. 839, 725 N.W.2d 787, 791 (2007). However, ultimately, a guarantor's liability is governed by the terms used in the contract. See O'Brien v. Ravenswood Apartments, Ltd., 169 Ohio App.3d 233, 862 N.E.2d 549, 555 (2006) ("[A] guarantor can waive its right to raise the legal defenses of the
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.