Filed: Nov. 08, 2012
Latest Update: Mar. 26, 2017
Summary: UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 11-5210 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff – Appellee, v. OMAR M. NIJIM, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Greenville. Malcolm J. Howard, Senior District Judge. (4:11-cr-00012-H-5) Submitted: October 31, 2012 Decided: November 8, 2012 Before MOTZ and GREGORY, Circuit Judges, and HAMILTON, Senior Circuit Judge. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam o
Summary: UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 11-5210 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff – Appellee, v. OMAR M. NIJIM, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Greenville. Malcolm J. Howard, Senior District Judge. (4:11-cr-00012-H-5) Submitted: October 31, 2012 Decided: November 8, 2012 Before MOTZ and GREGORY, Circuit Judges, and HAMILTON, Senior Circuit Judge. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam op..
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 11-5210
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
v.
OMAR M. NIJIM,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of North Carolina, at Greenville. Malcolm J. Howard,
Senior District Judge. (4:11-cr-00012-H-5)
Submitted: October 31, 2012 Decided: November 8, 2012
Before MOTZ and GREGORY, Circuit Judges, and HAMILTON, Senior
Circuit Judge.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Jason R. Harris, WELCH AND HARRIS, LLP, Jacksonville, North
Carolina, for Appellant. Thomas G. Walker, United States
Attorney, Jennifer P. May-Parker, Yvonne V. Watford-McKinney,
Assistant United States Attorneys, Raleigh, North Carolina, for
Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
Omar Nijim was convicted of conspiracy to traffic in
contraband cigarettes, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371 (2006),
and was sentenced to thirty-three months in prison. Nijim now
appeals, raising three issues. We affirm.
I
As part of an investigation into transactions
involving contraband cigarettes, Special Agent Michael Anderson
of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
(“ATF”) operated an undercover warehouse in North Carolina.
Cigarettes -- allegedly illegally obtained -- were stored at the
warehouse and sold to various individuals. Over the course of
the investigation, over one million cartons of cigarettes were
sold for approximately $21 million.
In November 2009, Anderson met with one of his
customers, Nafiz Mustafa, to prepare for a shipment of
cigarettes to New Jersey. In accordance with the plan, Mustafa
flew to New York on December 1. Iyas Leqyana picked him up in a
minivan containing money to be used to pay for the cigarettes.
Nijim joined them. They dropped off Leqyana and drove to a rest
area in New Jersey, where they were to take possession of the
cigarettes.
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ATF Special Agent Edwin Killette, who was driving a
Penske truck containing 9540 cartons of contraband cigarettes,
arrived at the rest area, as did Anderson, who had flown in from
North Carolina. Mustafa handed Anderson a bag containing
$55,000 in cash. Nijim then drove the Penske truck to a storage
room, followed by Mustafa in the minivan. Leqyana joined them,
and the three men unloaded the truck. Nijim and Mustafa
returned to the rest area. Mustafa gave Anderson an additional
$20,000 and agreed to pay him the balance due upon their return
to North Carolina. Mustafa and Nijim left in the minivan, which
was registered to Nijim.
A similar transaction occurred on January 13, 2011.
Mustafa flew to New York, Leqyana picked him up in the minivan,
they were joined by Nijim, and they drove to the rest area.
Killette drove to the rest area in a Penske truck containing
9000 cartons of contraband cigarettes. Anderson again arrived
separately. After Killette exited the truck, Nijim got in and
drove to the storage room, with Leqyana following in the
minivan. After unloading the cigarettes, they returned to the
rest area, where Mustafa gave Anderson $102,000 in cash as
partial payment for the cigarettes.
According to Nijim’s presentence investigation report
(“PSR”), his base offense level was 20 because the amount of
loss was $500,580. See U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual
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(“USSG”) §§ 2E4.1(a)(2), 2T4.1(H) (2011). There were no
adjustments, and the total offense level accordingly was 20.
Nijim’s criminal history category was I, and his Guidelines
range was 33-41 months. The district court overruled Nijim’s
claims that he should have received a reduction in his offense
level based on his limited role in the offense, USSG § 3B1.2,
and that the amount of loss was less than $400,000. The court
sentenced Nijim to thirty-three months in prison.
II
Nijim first argues that the district court erroneously
refused to instruct the jury on N.J. Stat. Ann. § 54:40A-16.
The statute generally prohibits wholesale and retail dealers
from accepting deliveries of cigarettes that do not bear proper
New Jersey tax stamps, which signify the payment of applicable
New Jersey excise taxes. The statute provides an exception to
this prohibition:
The director [of the New Jersey Division of Taxation]
may, however, . . . authorize wholesale dealers and
retail dealers to acquire and have in their possession
cigarettes bearing cigarette revenue stamps of other
states, provided such cigarettes are intended for sale
or other disposition in those states.
N.J. Stat. Ann. § 54:40A-16.
Nijim contends that the cigarettes involved in the
December 1 and January 13 transactions, which bore no tax
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stamps, were intended for distribution in one of the three
states that do not require the affixation of tax stamps to
cigarettes. Under the above provision, he argues, possession of
unstamped cigarettes would be legal if they were destined for
any of those states. An instruction on the statute would, if
the jury believed that he possessed the cigarettes for transfer
to a non-tax state, require acquittal.
The decision to give or refuse to give a jury
instruction is reviewed for abuse of discretion. United
States v. Sarwari,
669 F.3d 401, 410-11 (4th Cir. 2012). “A
court’s failure to give a proposed instruction does not
constitute reversible error unless it dealt with some point in
the trial so important, that failure to give the requested
instruction seriously impaired the defendant’s ability to
conduct his defense.” Id. at 411 (internal quotation marks
omitted).
We conclude that the district court did not abuse its
discretion in refusing the requested instruction because the
statutory exception was inapplicable. Testimony at trial
established that Nijim was, during the relevant period, employed
at two stores: one that sold Disney products and one that sold
clothing. Neither Nijim nor either store was a licensed
stamping agent, nor had he or either store received the
authorization contemplated by the statute. Further, Nijim
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denied having worked for a cigarette dealer, wholesaler, or
manufacturer. The statute simply was inapplicable.
III
Nijim next contends that, pursuant to USSG § 3B1.2, he
should have received a reduction in his offense level based on
his role in the offense. To qualify for a reduction under the
Guideline, a defendant must show that he was a “minimal” or
“minor” participant in the offense. USSG § 3B1.2; United
States v. Akinkoye,
185 F.3d 192, 201-02 (4th Cir. 1999). In
deciding whether a defendant’s role was minimal or minor, the
“critical inquiry is . . . not just whether the defendant has
done fewer bad acts than his co-defendants, but whether the
defendant’s conduct is material or essential to committing the
offense.” United States v Pratt,
239 F.3d 640, 646 (4th Cir.
2001) (internal quotation marks omitted).
We hold that the district court did not abuse its
discretion in denying the reduction because Nijim’s role in the
offense was neither minimal nor minor. On two occasions, he
transported coconspirators, cigarettes, and cash to pay for the
cigarettes in his minivan. He also unloaded contraband
cigarettes and placed them in the storage room. All this
establishes his material role in the offense.
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IV
Finally, Nijim claims that the amount of loss was
incorrectly calculated; his position is that the proper amount
was less than $400,000. Testimony at trial established that:
the December 1 delivery involved 9540 cartons of contraband
cigarettes; the January 13 shipment involved 9000 cartons; and
the New Jersey excise tax on a carton of cigarettes was $27.
Accordingly, the amount of loss was properly determined to be
$500,580.20.
V
We therefore affirm Nijim’s conviction and sentence.
We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal
contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the
court and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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