Case: 12-41302       Document: 00512376877         Page: 1     Date Filed: 09/17/2013




           IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                    FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                    Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                        September 17, 2013
                                     No. 12-41302
                                   Summary Calendar                        Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                Clerk

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                  Plaintiff-Appellee

v.

JAVIER SANTOSCOY-ROSADO,

                                                  Defendant-Appellant


                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                        for the Southern District of Texas
                             USDC No. 2:12-CR-477-1


Before WIENER, OWEN, and HAYNES, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
       Defendant-Appellant Javier Santoscoy-Rosado (Santoscoy) pleaded guilty
to possession with intent to distribute over 100 kilograms of marijuana. The
district court sentenced him to 70 months in prison, at the bottom of the
guidelines range. Santoscoy appeals, contending that the factual basis was
insufficient to establish that he knew that he possessed a controlled substance
and that the district court erred by refusing to reduce his offense level for being



       *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
    Case: 12-41302     Document: 00512376877       Page: 2   Date Filed: 09/17/2013

                                   No. 12-41302

a minor or minimal participant pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.2(b). Finding no
error, we affirm.
      Santoscoy first argues that the factual basis was insufficient to establish
that he knowingly possessed a controlled substance because he admitted at
rearraignment only that he knew that the tractor/trailer he was driving
contained an illegal substance but not that the illegal substance was a controlled
substance. As Santoscoy did not raise this argument in the district court, we
review it for plain error. See United States v. Palmer, 

, 489 (5th Cir.
2006). To establish plain error, an appellant must show a forfeited error that is
clear or obvious and that affects his substantial rights. Puckett v. United States,

, 135 (2009). If the appellant makes such a showing, we have the
discretion to correct the error but only if it seriously affects the fairness,
integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings. 

not required to prove that Santoscoy knowingly
possessed marijuana; it was only required to prove that he knowingly possessed
some type of controlled substance. See United States v. Betancourt, 

, 308-09 (5th Cir. 2009); United States v. Gamez-Gonzalez, 

, 699-
700 (5th Cir. 2003). An examination of the indictment and the record establishes
that the district court did not err, plainly or otherwise, in concluding that
Santoscoy’s conduct satisfied every element of the drug charge. See United
States v. Marek, 

, 314 (5th Cir. 2001); see also United States v.
Hildenbrand, 

, 475 (5th Cir. 2008) (stating that an indictment that
is “sufficiently specific” is an adequate factual basis for a guilty plea). Santoscoy
admitted at rearraignment that he knew that he was transporting an illegal
substance, and the indictment provided that Santoscoy knowingly and
intentionally possessed with intent to distribute a controlled substance, i.e.,
marijuana. Santoscoy admitted that he had reviewed the indictment and that
he understood the charges against him. Further, the district court informed
Santoscoy of the elements of the offense, and he stated that he understood them.

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    Case: 12-41302    Document: 00512376877     Page: 3   Date Filed: 09/17/2013

                                 No. 12-41302

After the district court had the indictment read, Santoscoy pleaded guilty as
charged. Based on the foregoing, Santoscoy’s guilty plea was supported by a
sufficient factual basis. See 

; see also 

.
      Santoscoy’s second argument, that he was entitled to a mitigating role
adjustment, is a factual finding reviewed for clear error. See United States v.
Villanueva, 

, 203 (5th Cir. 2005). A defendant is a minimal
participant if he is “plainly among the least culpable of those involved” in the
scheme. § 3B1.2, comment. (n.4). He is a minor participant if he “is less
culpable than most other participants,” § 3B1.2, comment. (n.5), meaning not
that he did less than other participants but that he was “peripheral to the
advancement of the illicit activity,” United States v. Silva-De Hoyos, 

, 846-47 (5th Cir. 2012).
      Santoscoy argues that he was only transporting the drugs, that he did not
purchase the drugs, that he did not conceal the drugs in the trailer, and that he
had no knowledge of the extent of the criminal enterprise. Santoscoy also argues
that because the district court erred in refusing to award a mitigating role
adjustment, his sentence is procedurally unreasonable.
      Although one’s role as a drug courier does not preclude a minor role
adjustment, a mere courier is “not necessarily a minor participant in the illicit
activity.” United States v. Thomas, 

, 376 (5th Cir. 2012) (internal
quotation marks and citation omitted), cert. denied, 

(2013).
Santoscoy was transporting more than 926 kilograms of marijuana when he was
apprehended. The significant amount of marijuana possessed supports the
denial of the adjustment; Santoscoy has not shown that his sentence is
substantively unreasonable. See United States v. Gallegos, 

, 713
(5th Cir. 1989); see also United States v. Rojas, 

, 1410 (5th Cir.
1989).
      AFFIRMED.

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