Filed: Apr. 24, 1997
Latest Update: Mar. 02, 2020
Summary: IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT _ No. 96-60684 Summary Calendar _ BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. JOEL RAY CHILDRESS, Respondent. _ On Petition for Review of a Final Order of the Benefits Review Board (94-0618) _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 11, 1997 Before KING, JOLLY, and DENNIS, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* An administrative law judge found that Joel Ray Childress was permanently and totally disabled because of
Summary: IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT _ No. 96-60684 Summary Calendar _ BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. JOEL RAY CHILDRESS, Respondent. _ On Petition for Review of a Final Order of the Benefits Review Board (94-0618) _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 11, 1997 Before KING, JOLLY, and DENNIS, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* An administrative law judge found that Joel Ray Childress was permanently and totally disabled because of ..
More
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
_____________________
No. 96-60684
Summary Calendar
_____________________
BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION,
Petitioner,
v.
JOEL RAY CHILDRESS,
Respondent.
_________________________________________________________________
On Petition for Review of a Final
Order of the Benefits Review Board
(94-0618)
_________________________________________________________________
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 11, 1997
Before KING, JOLLY, and DENNIS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
An administrative law judge found that Joel Ray Childress
was permanently and totally disabled because of work-related
injuries covered by the Longshore and Harbor Workers’
Compensation Act and awarded benefits accordingly. The Benefits
Review Board affirmed the judgment. Petitioner Bethlehem Steel
Corporation appeals the determination by the Benefits Review
*
Pursuant to Local Rule 47.5, the court has determined that
this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except
under the limited circumstances set forth in Local Rule 47.5.4.
1
Board that Joel Ray Childress is permanently and totally
disabled. Finding no error, we affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
Joel Ray Childress was employed by Bethlehem Steel
Corporation, a self-insured company, as a shipfitter in the early
1980s when he injured his back in the course and scope of his
employment on two separate occasions. On September 23, 1981,
Childress was fitting a drip pan on a jackup rig when he slipped
and fell approximately fifteen feet though the drip pan onto some
scaffolding. Childress was examined by Dr. Mitchell, a
neurosurgeon, and Dr. Nowlin, an orthopedist. After
consultation, Dr. Mitchell and Dr. Nowlin assisted a third doctor
in performing a posterior lumbar interbody fusion of Childress’
fifth disk on May 12, 1982. Following the surgery, Dr. Mitchell
assessed Childress with a permanent disability rating of twenty-
five percent of the whole body. Dr. Nowlin assessed a twenty
percent permanent partial impairment to Childress’ lumbar spine.
Childress returned to work on September 7, 1983. On
September 9, 1983, Childress reinjured his back when he stepped
into a manhole. He underwent a lumbar myelogram that showed a
defect which was later determined to be spinal stenosis, a
preexisting condition that was aggravated by the second injury.
Childress underwent surgery to correct this condition on May 21,
1984.
Childress has not returned to work or attempted to find any
2
other employment since his second injury. The parties have
stipulated that Childress reached maximum medical improvement on
April 6, 1987.
Childress brought a claim for total disability benefits
under the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, 33
U.S.C. §§ 901-950, (“LHWCA”) against Bethlehem Steel in 1992.
The administrative law judge (“ALJ”) held a formal hearing to
address the nature and extent of Childress’ disability, as well
as several other issues not raised on appeal.
In a deposition taken in 1987, Dr. Mitchell, who is
Childress’ primary physician, testified that Childress was fifty
percent medically disabled and one hundred percent occupationally
disabled as a shipfitter. He restricted Childress from lifting
more than twenty-five pounds and recommended a limit of ten to
fifteen pounds. He further restricted Childress from stooping,
crawling, squatting, climbing, or bending excessively. Dr.
Nowlin testified that Childress was thirty percent permanently
disabled and recommended that Childress not lift more than thirty
pounds and avoid climbing or squatting.
The Department of Labor arranged for a neurologist, Dr.
Newmark, to examine Childress in September 1989. After
performing a standard neurological examination that lasted about
forty-five minutes, Dr. Newmark wrote a report in which he stated
that Childress’ symptoms did not fit in any kind of organic
pattern. He also implied that it was to Childress’ financial
3
benefit to exaggerate his symptoms, suggesting that there was
“certainly a large amount of secondary gain from his difficulty.”
At the hearing, three vocational rehabilitation counselors
testified that Childress could find work within the medical
restrictions set by his doctors and produced evidence of
available jobs. Childress, however, testified that he was in
such pain that he was unable to sit, stand, or walk for any
length of time either with or without medication, and that he had
to lie down for several hours twice a day. Furthermore, he
testified that on average he could not get out of bed several
days each week because of intense pain. Childress’ wife
corroborated his testimony. All of the vocational rehabilitation
counselors agreed that if what Childress said about his condition
was taken as true, he could not be employed at any of the
available jobs.
The ALJ found Childress and his wife to be credible and
ruled that Childress was permanently and totally disabled. The
decision was automatically affirmed by the Benefits Review Board
(“BRB”), pursuant to the Omnibus Consolidated Rescissions and
Appropriations Act of 1996, Public Law 104-134, § 101(d), 110
Stat. 1321, because it had been pending before the BRB for more
than one year. The ALJ’s decision is considered the final order
of the BRB for purposes of review by this court.
II. DISCUSSION
This court reviews the decisions of the BRB for errors of
4
law and applies the same substantial evidence standard that
governs the BRB’s review of the ALJ’s factual findings. Mendoza
v. Marine Personnel Co.,
46 F.3d 498, 500 (5th Cir. 1995). We
must affirm the BRB’s decision if the ALJ’s findings are
supported by substantial evidence and are in accordance with the
law.
Id.
A claimant under the LHWCA is considered permanently
disabled if he has any residual disability after reaching maximum
medical improvement. SGS Control Serv. v. Dir., Office of Work.
Comp.,
86 F.3d 438, 443 (5th Cir. 1996). Whether that disability
is partial or total is evaluated in economic terms, in light of
the availability of suitable alternative employment.
Id. A
claimant makes a prima facie case of total disability by
demonstrating that he is unable to perform his former job due to
his job-related injury.
Id. The burden then shifts to the
employer to reduce or eliminate its compensation liability by
establishing that the employee is capable of performing other
realistically available jobs.
Id. The ALJ, as the finder of
fact, is entitled to determine the credibility of the witnesses
and weigh the evidence and need not accept the opinion of any
particular medical examiner. Atlantic Marine, Inc. v. Bruce,
661
F.2d 898, 900 (5th Cir. 1981).
In this case, both parties stipulated that Childress’
injuries occurred during the course and scope of his employment.
Bethlehem Steel concedes that Childress is not able to return to
5
his former job as a shipfitter, but argues that he can find
employment in a semi-skilled or unskilled job. Thus, the
permanency of Childress’ disability is not at issue, but the
extent of it is.
In arguing that Childress can find suitable employment,
Bethlehem Steel focuses solely on the medical and vocational
testimony and completely disregards Childress’ testimony. As the
ALJ notes, however, “a finding of disability may be based on
claimant’s credible complaints of pain alone.” See Mijangos v.
Avondale Shipyards, Inc.,
948 F.2d 941, 944 (5th Cir. 1991). The
ALJ found the testimony of Childress and his wife to be credible.
Based on their testimony, the vocational rehabilitation
counselors stated that Childress could not be employed in any
job. The ALJ’s decision that Childress is permanently and
totally disabled under the LHWCA is supported by substantial
evidence.
III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the final order of the
Benefits Review Board.
6