Case: 09-60164         Document: 00511113537         Page: 1     Date Filed: 05/17/2010




              IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                       FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                       Fifth Circuit

                                                    FILED
                                                                                May 17, 2010

                                           No. 09-60164                        Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                    Clerk

FREDERICK GRIFFIN; ANNIE Y GRIFFIN,

                                                       Plaintiffs - Appellants
v.


ABN AMRO MORTGAGE GROUP INC, its affiliates, heirs and assigns;
MORRIS & ASSOCIATES; EMILY K COURTEAU, individually and in her
capacity as substituted trustee on the deed of trust; CITIMORTGAGE INC, as
Successor in interest to ABN,

                                                       Defendants - Appellees




                       Appeal from the United States District Court
                         for the Northern District of Mississippi
                                  USDC No. 2:08-CV-1


Before JOLLY and GARZA, Circuit Judges, and MILLER * , District Judge.
PER CURIAM:**
        Frederick and Annie Griffin appeal the district court’s grant of defendants
ABN AMRO Mortgage Group Inc. (“ABN”), Morris & Associates, Emily
Coutreau, and CitiMortgage, Inc.’s (collectively, “Defendants”) motion to compel


        *
             District Judge of the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
        **
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR .
R. 47.5.4.
   Case: 09-60164       Document: 00511113537          Page: 2     Date Filed: 05/17/2010

                                       No. 09-60164

arbitration of the Griffins’ dispute pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act, 9
U.S.C. § 1, et seq. The clause at issue in the Griffins’ mortgage agreement states
in pertinent part that “[a]ll disputes, claims, or controversies arising from or
related to the loan evidenced by the Note, including statutory claims, shall be
resolved by binding arbitration, and not by court action.” Also included in the
arbitration clause is a statement that “any claims can be filed at any National
Arbitration Forum office.”
       As a preliminary matter, the Griffins argue that removal of this case to
federal court was improper because the Defendants did not present adequate
evidence to show that CitiMortgage and ABN consented to Morris & Associates’
removal.1 However, the district court correctly found that Morris & Associates,
a law firm, represented CitiMortgage in this dispute, and the Defendants
presented evidence that CitiMortgage and ABN had merged. Both entities were
aware of and consented to Morris & Associates’ representation, including the
decision to remove this case to federal court. Accordingly, the district court did
not err in denying the Griffins’ motion to remand to state court.
       The Griffins contend that the district court erred in compelling arbitration
because this dispute is beyond the scope of the arbitration clause and because
the agreement is unconscionable. Neither argument has merit. There is no
reason to characterize this dispute as a scheme to defraud the Griffins rather
than a mere dispute over a loan, which is well within the clause’s authority.
Furthermore, this was not a contract of adhesion, as the plain language of the
arbitration clause indicates that the Griffins were under no obligation to accept




       1
         The defendants argue that the district court’s denial of the Griffins’ motion to remand
to state court was not raised in the Griffins’ Notice of Appeal and that, consequently, the
Griffins are barred from appealing this order. We find that the defendants properly had notice
of appeal of this issue from the arguments presented in the Griffins’ briefing. See Pluet v.
Frazier, 

, 383 n.1 (5th Cir. 2004).

                                               2
   Case: 09-60164       Document: 00511113537          Page: 3     Date Filed: 05/17/2010

                                       No. 09-60164

the arbitration clause as a condition of their mortgage agreement.2 See E. Ford,
Inc. v. Taylor, 

, 716 (Miss. 2002). Additionally, both parties to the
agreement had the power to compel arbitration over a dispute, indicating
mutuality of the arbitration clause. Accordingly, the Griffins have presented no
evidence indicating that they were required to enter into the agreement in order
to receive their loan modification.
       The Griffins also argue that the claims against Morris & Associates and
Coutreau, one of its attorneys, were not arbitrable because these parties were
not parties to the agreement.               However, equitable estoppel permits a
nonsignatory to an arbitration clause to compel arbitration against a signatory
“when the signatory . . . raises allegations of substantially interdependent and
concerted misconduct by both the nonsignatory and one or more of the
signatories to the contract.” Grigson v. Creative Artists Agency, L.L.C., 

, 527 (5th Cir. 2000) (quoting MS Dealer Serv. Corp. v. Franklin, 

, 947 (11th Cir. 1999)).              Here, the Griffins’ claims against ABN,
CitiMortgage,      Morris     &    Associates,     and     Coutreau      are   substantially
interdependent, as they all relate to the Griffins’ default in terms of payment of
the note and deed of trust, and subsequent foreclosure proceedings. Thus,
equitable estoppel permitted the district court to compel arbitration proceedings
against Morris & Associates and Coutreau.
       However, the Griffins raise the issue that the National Arbitration Forum,
the specified forum in the arbitration clause, no longer hears this type of case.



       2
         The last paragraph above the signature block in the arbitration rider reads: “THIS
IS A VOLUNTARY ARBITRATION AGREEMENT. IF YOU DECLINE TO SIGN THIS
ARBITRATION AGREEMENT, LENDER WILL NOT REFUSE TO COMPLETE THE LOAN
TRANSACTION BECAUSE OF YOUR DECISION.” The Griffins contend that they were
required to agree to the arbitration clause in order to receive their loan modification, but the
Defendants used the arbitration rider appended to the Griffins’ original loan as the basis for
their motion to compel. In the absence of contrary evidence, we have no basis to believe the
Griffins’ agreement to the arbitration clause was anything but voluntary and knowing.

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   Case: 09-60164   Document: 00511113537     Page: 4   Date Filed: 05/17/2010

                                 No. 09-60164

This issue was not raised before the district court but could affect the outcome
of the case. Accordingly, we VACATE the district court’s order compelling
arbitration and REMAND this case for the district court to decide in the first
instance whether this new issue affects its decision to find the arbitration
agreement enforceable.




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