Filed: Mar. 23, 2001
Latest Update: Mar. 02, 2020
Summary: IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT No. 00-10888 Summary Calendar UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus BOBBY LYONS, Defendant-Appellant. - Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas USDC No. 2:99-CR-74-1 - March 23, 2001 Before HIGGINBOTHAM, DUHÉ, and WIENER, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:1 Bobby Lyons (Lyons) was convicted of possession with intent to distribute more than 50 grams of cocaine base and possession of marijua
Summary: IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT No. 00-10888 Summary Calendar UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus BOBBY LYONS, Defendant-Appellant. - Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas USDC No. 2:99-CR-74-1 - March 23, 2001 Before HIGGINBOTHAM, DUHÉ, and WIENER, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:1 Bobby Lyons (Lyons) was convicted of possession with intent to distribute more than 50 grams of cocaine base and possession of marijuan..
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IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
No. 00-10888
Summary Calendar
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
BOBBY LYONS,
Defendant-Appellant.
--------------------
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Texas
USDC No. 2:99-CR-74-1
--------------------
March 23, 2001
Before HIGGINBOTHAM, DUHÉ, and WIENER, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:1
Bobby Lyons (Lyons) was convicted of possession with intent to
distribute more than 50 grams of cocaine base and possession of
marijuana. In this direct appeal, he challenges only his
conviction for possession with intent to distribute cocaine base.
Specifically, Lyons challenges the denial of his motion for
disclosure of the confidential informant's identity. Lyons also
argues that the district court erred in failing to balance the
1
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that
this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except
under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
competing interests outlined by this court to determine whether the
informant's identity should have been revealed.
A court’s refusal to require the disclosure of an informant's
identity is reviewed for abuse of discretion while any factual
findings upon which the court relies for its decision are reviewed
under a clearly erroneous standard. United States v. Vizcarra-
Porras,
889 F.2d 1435, 1438 (5th Cir. 1989). To determine whether
disclosing an informant's identity is mandated, a court should
(1) "evaluate the level of the informant's participation in the
alleged criminal activity"; (2) "consider the helpfulness of
disclosure to any asserted defense"; and (3) "consider the
government's interest in nondisclosure." United States v. Orozco,
982 F.2d 152, 154-55 (5th Cir. 1993).
If an informant did not participate in the alleged criminal
activity, but instead acted only as a tipster, there is a strong
presumption against forced disclosure of the informant's identity.
United States v. Cooper,
949 F.2d 737, 749 (5th Cir. 1991). As the
informant in this case was a mere tipster, the first element of the
Orozco test weighs heavily in favor of not revealing the
informant's identity.
As to the second factor, Lyons only speculated that the
testimony of the informant would aid his defense. "Mere conjecture
or supposition about the possible relevancy of the informant's
testimony is insufficient to warrant disclosure."
Orozco, 982 F.2d
at 155. Lyons argues on appeal that the informant's identity
2
should have been revealed so he could impeach the testimony of
Officer Wilson. As this argument was not presented to the district
court, it is reviewed for plain error. See United States v.
Cartwright,
6 F.3d 294, 300 (5th Cir. 1993). Lyons speculates that
the testimony of the informer would have contradicted that of
Wilson, but he offers no evidence to support this claim. See
Orozco, 982 F.2d at 155. Accordingly, the second factor weighs
against disclosure.
As Lyons failed to provide evidence supporting the first two
prongs of the Orozco test, we need not consider the strength of the
Government's interest in preserving the confidentiality of the
informant's identity. United States v. Cooper,
949 F.2d 737, 749-
50 (5th Cir. 1991).
Finally, when, as in this case, it is clear that the defendant
fails to make a compelling case for disclosure of the informant’s
identity, and the district court’s ruling is supported by the
record, specific findings concerning the balancing test is
unnecessary. See United States v. Hansen,
569 F.2d 406, 411 (5th
Cir. 1978).
AFFIRMED.
3