Filed: Apr. 09, 2002
Latest Update: Feb. 21, 2020
Summary: UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT _ No. 01-41104 Summary Calendar _ SCENIC GALVESTON, INC., Plaintiff-Counter-Defendant-Appellee, versus INFINITY OUTDOOR, INC., formerly known as Outdoor Systems, Inc., Defendant-Counter-Plaintiff-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas 00-CV-751 _ April 8, 2002 Before JONES, SMITH, and EMILIO M. GARZA, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* Scenic Galveston, Inc., brought this declaratory judgment act
Summary: UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT _ No. 01-41104 Summary Calendar _ SCENIC GALVESTON, INC., Plaintiff-Counter-Defendant-Appellee, versus INFINITY OUTDOOR, INC., formerly known as Outdoor Systems, Inc., Defendant-Counter-Plaintiff-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas 00-CV-751 _ April 8, 2002 Before JONES, SMITH, and EMILIO M. GARZA, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* Scenic Galveston, Inc., brought this declaratory judgment acti..
More
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
_______________________
No. 01-41104
Summary Calendar
_______________________
SCENIC GALVESTON, INC.,
Plaintiff--Counter-Defendant--Appellee,
versus
INFINITY OUTDOOR, INC.,
formerly known as Outdoor Systems, Inc.,
Defendant--Counter-Plaintiff--Appellant.
_________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Texas
00-CV-751
_________________________________________________________________
April 8, 2002
Before JONES, SMITH, and EMILIO M. GARZA, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Scenic Galveston, Inc., brought this declaratory judgment
action seeking a determination that Infinity Outdoor, Inc., had
terminated a lease agreement governing the erection and maintenance
of billboards. Having determined that Infinity Outdoor
unambiguously exercised its option to terminate the lease, the
*
Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this
opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited
circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.
district court granted summary judgment for Scenic Galveston. We
affirm.
I
Scenic Galveston, Inc., is a Texas non-profit corporation
dedicated to curbing the proliferation of billboards. In 1998,
Scenic Galveston purchased property along Interstate 45 in
Galveston County that was subject to a 40-year lease agreement
regarding billboards. Scenic Galveston acquired all rights as
lessor. Infinity Outdoor, Inc. (“Infinity”), a Delaware
corporation whose principal place of business is Arizona, is the
successor in interest to the original lessee.
The lease agreement provided that the lessee could erect
and maintain billboards at eight sites. In return, the lessee
agreed to pay $495 a month as rent. For the purposes of this
lawsuit, the most significant provision of the agreement is the
lessee’s option to terminate the lease agreement if the lessee were
“prevented by authorities having jurisdiction . . . from
constructing or maintaining its advertising structures.”
Soon after acquiring the property, Scenic Galveston began
notifying the Texas Department of Transportation that some of the
billboards were not in compliance with state regulations. In the
summer of 2000, the Texas Department of Transportation ordered that
at least two of Infinity’s billboards be removed. The real estate
manager of Infinity Outdoor then wrote to Scenic Galveston on
August 24, 2000: “The court has ruled that the signs must come down
2
and not be replaced. Therefore, we are hereby terminating our
lease with you and no future rent payments will be made.”
(Emphasis added.) Infinity points out that, although the quoted
passage refers to “signs,” the letter specifically discusses only
one of the six billboards that Infinity was operating at the time.
Moreover, in spite of their declaration that they would no longer
pay rent, Infinity wrote a check on September 1, 2000, for $412.50,
which reflects a one-sixth reduction of the usual rental payment of
$495. Scenic Galveston deposited this check, along with another
prorated rent check for $412.50 in early October.
On October 4, 2000, an attorney for Scenic Galveston
wrote to Infinity and acknowledged Infinity’s letter of August
24th. Scenic Galveston’s letter, after referring to the
termination provision in the lease agreement, states that “Scenic
Galveston accepts the termination of the lease by Infinity Outdoor.
Please remove any remaining billboards from the subject property
within 30 days of your receipt of this letter.” Scenic Galveston
then refunded the two payments made after August 24.
Infinity refused to remove the billboards. Infinity
insisted that they did not want to terminate the entire lease and
that “the only lease canceled was for the sign required to be taken
down.” Infinity now admits, however, that the terms of the lease
agreement do not allow any kind of partial termination of the
agreement.
3
Scenic Galveston filed a declaratory judgment action,
which Infinity removed to federal court. The district court
entered summary judgment for Scenic Galveston.
II
We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment
de novo. Horton v. City of Houston,
179 F.3d 188, 191 (5th Cir.
1999); Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c).
The question is whether Infinity’s letter of August 24
was sufficient to exercise its option to terminate the lease.
Texas courts have recognized that
A reservation in a contract, of a right in behalf of one
of the parties to rescind, is a valid stipulation. Upon
the exercise of the option, the rights of the parties
under the contract terminate; the other party cannot
insist on further performance and is bound to restore
whatever consideration he may have received under the
contract.
Rigsby v. Boone County State Bank of Lebanon, Ind.,
241 S.W. 207,
210 (Tex. Civ. App. -- Amarillo 1922, no writ). “An option to
cancel or rescind a contract must be exercised in strict compliance
with its terms.” Stretcher v. Gregg,
542 S.W.2d 954, 957 (Tex.
Civ. App. -- Texarkana, 1976).
The terms of this contractual provision are clear and
undisputed. First, the right of termination is conditional: The
lessee has the right to terminate when a government official
prevents the lessee from building or maintaining a billboard. The
parties agree that this condition was met. Second, the lease
agreement does not contemplate a partial termination; if the lessee
4
exercises this option, he would void the entire agreement. Third,
the lease agreement does not place any restrictions on how the
lessee must give notice of cancellation.
The only question, to repeat, is whether Infinity
actually exercised this option to terminate. Looking to the
objective manifestations of intent, we agree with the district
court that the August 24th letter -- which declared, “we are hereby
terminating our lease with you” -- constitutes a valid exercise of
the option. When this letter was sent, the rights and obligations
of both parties terminated, and Scenic Galveston had the right to
demand that the billboards be removed from its property.
Infinity’s later statements that they had actually intended a
partial termination of the lease are not relevant. See Derr
Construction Co. v. City of Houston,
846 S.W.2d 854, 861 (Tex. App.
-- Houston [14th Dist.] 1992, no writ)(emphasizing that “objective,
not subjective, intent controls”); Republic Nat. Bank of Dallas v.
National Bankers Life Ins. Co.,
427 S.W.2d 76, 80 (Tex. Civ. App.
-- Dallas 1968, writ ref’d n.r.e.)(“[T]he question is not what the
parties meant to say but the meaning of what they did say.”).
Infinity attempts to frame the issue as the “repudiation”
or “anticipatory breach” of the lease agreement. Infinity thus
contends that the contract was not repudiated because some of the
evidence -- especially the payment of partial rent -- does not show
a “fixed intention to abandon, renounce, and refuse to perform” its
5
obligations under the contract. Group Life & Health Ins. Co. v.
Turner,
620 S.W.2d 670, 672-73 (Tex. Civ. App. -- Dallas 1981, no
writ). However, repudiation requires that the party who refuses to
perform does so “without just excuse.”
Id. at 673. Infinity was
not breaching the lease agreement without cause; instead, they were
merely exercising their contractual right -- pursuant to the lease
agreement -- to cancel the agreement.
Infinity also contends that their offer and Scenic
Galveston’s acceptance of the two prorated rent payments
constitutes a modification of the parties’ long-term lease
agreement. However, because a change in the amount of rent
constitutes a material modification of the agreement, the statute
of frauds requires that such an alteration of the agreement be
evidenced by a writing. See Foster v. Mutual Savings Ass’n,
602
S.W.2d 98, 100 (Tex. Civ. App. -- Fort Worth 1980, no writ), cited
in Horner v. Bourland,
724 F.2d 1142, 1148 (5th Cir. 1984). No
writing exists in this case.
III
For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that Infinity
exercised its right to terminate the lease agreement. The summary
judgment for Scenic Galveston is therefore AFFIRMED.
6