Case: 16-60141      Document: 00514147003        Page: 1     Date Filed: 09/07/2017




          IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                   FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
                                                                         United States Court of Appeals
                                                                                  Fifth Circuit

                                     No. 16-60141                               FILED
                                                                         September 7, 2017
                                                                           Lyle W. Cayce
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,                                                       Clerk

                                                Plaintiff - Appellee

v.

JONATHAN MCDONALD,

                                                Defendant - Appellant


                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Southern District of Mississippi
                              USDC No. 1:09-CR-6-1


Before BARKSDALE, DENNIS, and CLEMENT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: *
      Jonathan McDonald challenges his 24-month sentence imposed after the
second revocation of his supervised release, claiming the district court erred by
basing his sentence on his rehabilitative needs, in violation of Tapia v. United
States, 

(2011). AFFIRMED.**




      *  Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined this opinion should not be
published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir.
R. 47.5.4.

      ** Judge Dennis concurs in the judgment only.
    Case: 16-60141     Document: 00514147003        Page: 2   Date Filed: 09/07/2017


                                  No. 16-60141

                                         I.
      McDonald pleaded guilty to bank fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1344.
His first supervised-release term was revoked in 2014, after he violated
conditions of his supervision. He was sentenced to time served and 30 months’
supervised release in 2014.
      In January 2016, McDonald’s probation officer petitioned the court for a
revocation warrant; and, at his revocation hearing, McDonald admitted to
violating five of his supervised-release conditions. He also advised he had
“started back using” drugs and “everything just started falling apart”.
      The court concluded McDonald violated the terms of his supervision,
revoked his supervised release, and sentenced him to 24 months’ imprisonment
and 12 months’ supervised release.            The court explained it imposed the
sentence “[t]o promote respect for the law, to deter future criminal conduct, to
protect the community, and to control the offender’s conduct, and additionally
I want him to have sufficient time to complete the 500-hour drug and alcohol
treatment program”.
                                        II.
      Because McDonald did not object in district court to his sentence, review
is only for plain error. E.g., United States v. Broussard, 

, 546 (5th
Cir. 2012). Under that standard, McDonald must show a forfeited plain (clear
or obvious) error that affected his substantial rights. E.g., Puckett v. United
States, 

, 135 (2009). If he does so, we have the discretion to correct
the reversible plain error, but generally should do so only if it “seriously
affect[s] the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings”. 

defendant, “a court may not impose or lengthen a
prison sentence to enable an offender to complete a treatment program or
otherwise to promote rehabilitation”. 

; see 18 U.S.C.



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    Case: 16-60141    Document: 00514147003     Page: 3   Date Filed: 09/07/2017


                                 No. 16-60141

§ 3582(a) (imprisonment not appropriate means of promoting rehabilitation).
On the other hand, Tapia does not forbid all consideration of defendant’s
rehabilitative needs when imposing a sentence; along that line, a sentence will
be vacated on appeal only if rehabilitation was the “dominant factor”, rather
than a “secondary concern” or “additional justification”, in the district court’s
sentencing determination. United States v. Garza, 

, 660 (5th Cir.
2013). These rules apply, inter alia, to sentences imposed upon revocation of
defendant’s probation or supervised release. E.g., 

      The court stated it relied on the policy statements provided in Sentencing
Guideline § 7B1.4, and the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) and 18 U.S.C. § 3582 sentencing
factors when imposing a 24-month sentence. Before announcing McDonald’s
sentence, the court did not reference his drug use or tie the length of his
sentence to his need for drug treatment while in prison. The probation officer
then alerted the court that the sentence was above the Guidelines sentencing
range. As 

, the court, in responding, did not alter the sentence
and stated it was based on the four sentencing factors, 

, and,
“additionally”, to give McDonald sufficient time to complete the earlier-
described drug-and-alcohol-treatment program.
      Pursuant to our plain-error standard of review, because McDonald has
not shown his rehabilitative needs were the dominant factor in the court’s
sentencing decision, as opposed to being “additional justification” for the
sentence imposed, he has failed to show the requisite clear or obvious error.
E.g., United States v. Receskey, 

, 811–12 (5th Cir. 2012).
                                      III.
      For the foregoing reasons, the judgment is AFFIRMED.




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