Elawyers Elawyers
Washington| Change

United States v. Murillo-Iniguez, 01-3485 (2003)

Court: Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Number: 01-3485 Visitors: 13
Filed: Feb. 05, 2003
Latest Update: Mar. 02, 2020
Summary: 5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21  8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH] 1R 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH  (/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU DFWXDOO\ D mVHQWHQFH RI LPSULVRQPHQWl RI HLJKW PRQWKV )LOH 1DPH DS EHFDXVHWKDWLVWKHWLPHKHVHUYHG 7KH8QLWHG6WDWHVILUVWDUJXHVWKDWWKHUHLVQRHYLGHQFHLQ 81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 WKHUHFRUGWKDWWKHUHPDLQGHURI0XULOOR,QLJXH]jVVHQWHQFH ZDVVXVSHQGHGDVZRXOGEHQHFHVVDU\IRUKLPWREHHQWLW
More
5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21  8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH] 1R 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH  (/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU DFWXDOO\ D mVHQWHQFH RI LPSULVRQPHQWl RI HLJKW PRQWKV )LOH 1DPH DS EHFDXVHWKDWLVWKHWLPHKHVHUYHG 7KH8QLWHG6WDWHVILUVWDUJXHVWKDWWKHUHLVQRHYLGHQFHLQ 81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 WKHUHFRUGWKDWWKHUHPDLQGHURI0XULOOR,QLJXH]j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s8/,2 &(6$5 085,//2  6HQWHQFLQJ*XLGHOLQHVm1RUPDOO\WKHVHQWHQFLQJFRXUWPXVW XVHWKH*XLGHOLQHVLQHIIHFWDWWKHWLPHRIVHQWHQFLQJl8QLWHG ,1,*8(=  6WDWHVY0LOWRQ)G WK&LU 0XULOOR 'HIHQGDQW$SSHOODQW  ,QLJXH] GRHV QRW VXJJHVW WKDW WKH DPHQGPHQW RI WKH  *XLGHOLQHV ZDV PHDQW WR EH UHWURDFWLYH RU WKDW LW PHUHO\ 1 FODULILHVWKHIRUPHUYHUVLRQ7KHFKDQJHVLQWKH*XLGHOLQHDUH $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW VXEVWDQWLYH  $V D UHVXOW WKHUH LV QR UHDVRQ WKDW 0XULOOR IRUWKH1RUWKHUQ'LVWULFWRI2KLRDW7ROHGR ,QLJXH]VKRXOGEHVHQWHQFHGXQGHUWKHDPHQGHG*XLGHOLQHV 1RnsDPHV*&DUU'LVWULFWsXGJH +LV VHQWHQFH HQKDQFHPHQW RI VL[WHHQ OHYHOV IRU WKH SULRU FRQYLFWLRQRIDQDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\ZDVSURSHU $UJXHGsDQXDU\ )RUWKHIRUHJRLQJUHDVRQVZH$)),50WKHMXGJPHQWDQG 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG)HEUXDU\ VHQWHQFHRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW %HIRUH0$57,1&KLHI&LUFXLWsXGJH0(55,77DQG /$ F@ULPLQDO SHQDOWLHV IRU UHHQWU\ RI >SUHYLRXVO\ GHSRUWHG 6WDWHVY+DUSHU)G WK&LU  UHYHUVHG DOLHQV@ ZKRVH UHPRYDO ZDV VXEVHTXHQW WR D FRQYLFWLRQ IRU RQRWKHUJURXQGV  FRPPLVVLRQRIDQDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\VKDOOEHILQHGXQGHU VXFK7LWOH>@LPSULVRQHGQRWPRUHWKDQ\HDUVRUERWKl 0XULOOR,QLJXH]PDNHVDILQDOWZRSDUWDUJXPHQWDERXWKLV 7KHVHQWHQFHHQKDQFHPHQWLVDXWKRUL]HGE\WKH6HQWHQFLQJ VHQWHQFH)LUVWKHFODLPVWKDWWKHUHZDVQRH[SOLFLWILQGLQJ *XLGHOLQHV6HFWLRQ/ E  $ 7KLV6HFWLRQVSHFLILHVD LQWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWDVWRKLVmVHQWHQFHRILPSULVRQPHQWlIRU VL[WHHQOHYHO HQKDQFHPHQW IURP D EDVH OHYHO RI HLJKW IRU WKHFRQYLFWLRQDILQGLQJWKDWPDWWHUVLIKHLVVXFFHVVIXO UHHQWU\ RI DQ DOLHQ ZLWK D SUHYLRXV FRQYLFWLRQ IRU DQ LQKLVVHFRQGDUJXPHQWEHORZ:KLOH0XULOOR,QLJXH]ZDV DJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\$QDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\DFFRUGLQJWRWKH VHQWHQFHGWRILIWHHQPRQWKVLQSULVRQIRUWKHGUXJFRQYLFWLRQ *XLGHOLQH DSSOLFDWLRQ QRWHV LV GHILQHG DW  86& KH RQO\ VHUYHG DERXW QLQH PRQWKV RI WKDW VHQWHQFH  7KH †  D   866* † / FPW Q   $PRQJ WKH UHFRUG GRHV QRW H[SODLQ WKLV GLVFUHSDQF\  7KH 6HQWHQFLQJ IHORQLHV OLVWHG LQ 6HFWLRQ  LV mLOOLFLW WUDIILFNLQJ LQ D *XLGHOLQH † $ VD\V m E  6HQWHQFH RI ,PSULVRQPHQW FRQWUROOHGVXEVWDQFHl86&† D  % %HFDXVH 'HILQHG  7KHWHUPµVHQWHQFHRILPSULVRQPHQWjPHDQVD 0XULOOR,QLJXH]jV  FRQYLFWLRQ XQGHU  86& †  VHQWHQFHRILQFDUFHUDWLRQDQGUHIHUVWRWKHPD[LPXPVHQWHQFH IDOOVXQGHUWKH&RQWUROOHG6XEVWDQFH,PSRUWDQG([SRUW$FW LPSRVHG    ,I SDUW RI D VHQWHQFH RI LPSULVRQPHQW ZDV DQGEHFDXVHWKHRIIHQVHZDVDIHORQ\ DQRIIHQVHSXQLVKDEOH  8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH] 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0XULOOR,QLJXH]  E\ PRUH WKDQ RQH \HDU  WKH RIIHQVH TXDOLILHV DV DQ WKHRIIHQVHRILOOHJDOHQWU\RUVLPSO\DVHQWHQFLQJIDFWRU7KLV mDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\l TXHVWLRQ ZDV DQVZHUHG E\ WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW LQ $OPHQGDUH]7RUUHV Y 8QLWHG 6WDWHV  86    0XULOOR,QLJXH]QHYHUWKHOHVVFODLPVWKDWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW 7KH &RXUW KHOG WKDW 6HFWLRQ  E   ZDV D mSHQDOW\ QHYHUPDGHDQH[SOLFLWILQGLQJDVWRWKDWIDFW:HUHYLHZWKH SURYLVLRQ ZKLFK VLPSO\ DXWKRUL]HV D FRXUW WR LQFUHDVH WKH UHFRUG DV D ZKROH WR GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU RU QRW WKH GLVWULFW VHQWHQFHIRUDUHFLGLYLVWl,GDW$VZHDQDO\]HGWKH FRXUWZDVDZDUHRIKLVGLVFUHWLRQLQWKHPDWWHUDQGSURSHUO\ RSLQLRQLQ8QLWHG6WDWHVY*DWHZRRG)G WK H[HUFLVHG WKDW GLVFUHWLRQ LQ PDNLQJ DQ LQIRUPHG OHJDO &LU ZHVDLGm7KH&RXUWUHMHFWHGWKHDUJXPHQWWKDW MXGJPHQW$VWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVSRLQWVRXW0XULOOR,QLJXH] EHFDXVHWKHIDFWRIUHFLGLYLVPLQFUHDVHGWKHPD[LPXPSHQDOW\ REMHFWHG WR WKH FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI KLV RIIHQVH DV DQ WR ZKLFK D GHIHQGDQW ZDV H[SRVHG &RQJUHVV ZDV mDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\lLQWKHSUHVHQWHQFHUHSRUW+HFODLPHG FRQVWLWXWLRQDOO\UHTXLUHGWRWUHDWUHFLGLYLVPDVDQHOHPHQWRI EHFDXVHKHGLGQRWLQWHQGWRGLVWULEXWHWKHFRFDLQHKLVZDV WKHFULPHWKDWPXVWEHFKDUJHGLQWKHLQGLFWPHQWDQGSURYHQ QRW D GUXJ WUDIILFNLQJ RIIHQVH  7KH 3UREDWLRQ 2IILFHU EH\RQGDUHDVRQDEOHGRXEWl SUHSDULQJWKHUHSRUWUHVSRQGHGWRWKHREMHFWLRQVWDWLQJWKH SHUVRQDOXVHFODLPZDVVHOIVHUYLQJDQGWKDWWKHDPRXQWRI 7KLVKROGLQJLQVSLWHRI0XULOOR,QLJXH]jVDUJXPHQWZDV FRFDLQHDWLVVXHHLJKW\VHYHQJUDPVZDVQRWFRQVLVWHQWZLWK QRW H[SOLFLWO\ RYHUUXOHG E\ $SSUHQGL Y 1HZ sHUVH\ SHUVRQDOXVHH[SRVLQJ0XULOOR,QLJXH]WRSXQLVKPHQWRIXS $SSUHQGLjV UXOH KROGV WKDW m>R@WKHU WKDQ WKH IDFW RI D SULRU WRWZHQW\\HDUV7KHREMHFWLRQDQGUHVSRQVHZHUHPDGHSDUW FRQYLFWLRQ DQ\ IDFW WKDW LQFUHDVHV WKH SHQDOW\ IRU D FULPH RIWKHSUHVHQWHQFHUHSRUWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWUHFHLYHG EH\RQGWKHSUHVFULEHGVWDWXWRU\PD[LPXPPXVWEHVXEPLWWHG WRDMXU\DQGSURYHGEH\RQGDUHDVRQDEOHGRXEWl86DW 0XULOOR,QLJXH]UHQHZHGKLVREMHFWLRQDWWKHVHQWHQFLQJ   :H KDYH VDLG m$OWKRXJK WKH &RXUW V GHFLVLRQ LQ 7KH FRXUW KHDUG DUJXPHQW RQ WKH TXHVWLRQ DQG WKH 8QLWHG $SSUHQGL DUJXDEO\ FDVWV GRXEW RQ WKH FRUUHFWQHVV RI WKH 6WDWHVQRWHGWKDWHLJKW\VHYHQJUDPVLVDERXWZRUWKRI KROGLQJ LQ $OPHQGDUH]7RUUHV     $OPHQGDUH]7RUUHV FRFDLQH  7KH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV $WWRUQH\ ZHQW RQ WR QRWH WKDW UHPDLQVWKHODZl*DWHZRRG)GDW FRPPRQVWUHHWXVDJHRUVDOHLVEHWZHHQKDOIDJUDPDQGDIXOO JUDP0XULOOR,QLJXH]KDGHLJKW\VHYHQJUDPVDQDPRXQW $OWKRXJKZHKDYHQRSXEOLVKHGRSLQLRQVRQWKHLVVXHZH LQFRQVLVWHQW ZLWK SHUVRQDO XVH  )XUWKHU WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV QRZFKRRVHWRMRLQZLWKRXUVLVWHUFLUFXLWVLQUHVROYLQJWKH SRLQWHGRXW0XULOOR,QLJXH]KDVQRDSSDUHQWOLYHOLKRRGDQG TXHVWLRQ DV LW VSHFLILFDOO\ DSSOLHV WR 0XULOOR,QLJXH]jV KHZRXOGKDYHQRPHDQVWRSXUFKDVHWKLVNLQGRIDPRXQWIRU DUJXPHQW  :H DJUHH ZLWK RXU VLVWHU FLUFXLWV WKDW WKH KLVRZQXVH7KHFRXUWKHDUGIURP0XULOOR,QLJXH]DQGLW GHIHQGDQWjV SULRU FRQYLFWLRQ ZDV DQ mDJJUDYDWHG IHORQ\l WKHQDQQRXQFHGWKDWWKHRQO\ZD\LWFRXOGUHGXFHWKHVHQWHQFH ZLWKLQ WKH PHDQLQJ RI 6HFWLRQ  EHFDXVH  86& ZRXOGEHLILWIRXQGWKHFULPLQDOKLVWRU\FDWHJRU\RYHUVWDWHG † F WRJHWKHUZLWK86&† D  E H[SOLFLWO\VR WKHFULPLQDOKLVWRU\%DVHGRQWKHVHQWHQFLQJGHFLVLRQWKH VWDWH7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWKDGQRFKRLFHEXWWRVRLQWHUSUHWWKH GLVWULFWFRXUWPDGHDQGWKHHYLGHQFHLQWKHUHFRUGWKHGLVWULFW SODLQ ODQJXDJH RI WKHVH VWDWXWHV DV LW GLG  7KHUH LV QR FRXUWGLGLQIDFWPDNHDILQGLQJWKDW0XULOOR,QLJXH]jV $SSUHQGL FODLP LQ WKLV FDVH  6HH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y FRQYLFWLRQ FRQVWLWXWHG DQ mDJJUDYDWHG IHORQ\l IRU WKH .HPSLV%RQROD)G WK&LU VHHDOVR SXUSRVHVRIVHQWHQFHHQKDQFHPHQW 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0HUFHGHV)G G&LU  8QLWHG6WDWHVY$UHOODQR5LYHUD)G WK 0XULOOR,QLJXH] QH[W UDLVHV WKH TXHVWLRQ RI ZKHWKHU KLV &LU 8QLWHG6WDWHVY3DORPLQR5LYHUD)G SULRUFRQYLFWLRQIRUDQDJJUDYDWHGIHORQ\ZDVDQHOHPHQWRI  WK&LU 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0DUWLQH]9LOODOYD
Source:  CourtListener

Can't find what you're looking for?

Post a free question on our public forum.
Ask a Question
Search for lawyers by practice areas.
Find a Lawyer