Judges: Per Curiam
Filed: Aug. 30, 2016
Latest Update: Mar. 03, 2020
Summary: NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604 Submitted August 26, 2016* Decided August 30, 2016 Before DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge No. 16-1552 BRENDA LEONARD, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff-Appellant, Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. v. No. 14 C 10478 JULIAN C
Summary: NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604 Submitted August 26, 2016* Decided August 30, 2016 Before DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge No. 16-1552 BRENDA LEONARD, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff-Appellant, Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. v. No. 14 C 10478 JULIAN CA..
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NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted August 26, 2016*
Decided August 30, 2016
Before
DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge
ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge
DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge
No. 16‐1552
BRENDA LEONARD, Appeal from the United States District
Plaintiff‐Appellant, Court for the Northern District of
Illinois, Eastern Division.
v.
No. 14 C 10478
JULIAN CASTRO,
Secretary of United States Department of John Z. Lee,
Housing and Urban Development, Judge.
Defendant‐Appellee.
O R D E R
This case presents Brenda Leonard’s second challenge to the decision of her
former employer, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, to
fire her. She accuses HUD of discriminating against her on the basis of race, age, and
prior protected activity when, between 2007 and 2010, it reprimanded her, gave her
negative performance reviews, and eventually fired her in 2010. The district court
* After examining the briefs and the record, we have concluded that oral
argument is unnecessary. Thus the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the record.
See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
No. 16‐1552 Page 2
entered summary judgment against her on the ground that Leonard cannot relitigate in
this case the same claims she already litigated in an earlier case. We agree with that
analysis and affirm the district court’s judgment.
Leonard worked as a project manager at HUD reviewing financial statements
submitted by contractors for payment. After five years in that position, Leonard
received an “opportunity to improve notice.” The notice gave her 120 days to rectify her
performance deficiencies, which included mathematical errors, poor customer service,
and delays in processing funding requests. But by May 2010, after the time to correct
her problems had passed, Leonard’s supervisor told her that she was still
underperforming. HUD fired Leonard that December.
Leonard pursued two paths of redress. First, she appealed HUD’s decision to fire
her to the Merit Systems Protection Board. She alleged that HUD fired her because of
her race (African American), age (62 years old at the time she was fired), and her prior
grievances with the EEOC. The Board found that her uncorrected work deficiencies
justified her discharge. After receiving no relief on administrative appeal, Leonard
turned to federal court. She sued the then‐current Secretary of HUD to challenge the
decision to fire her, arguing that the negative reviews reflected discrimination. After
granting Leonard several extensions of discovery, the district court entered summary
judgment against her. See Leonard v. Donovan, No. 12 C 9055 (N.D. Ill. March 4, 2015). It
reasoned that Leonard produced no evidence that she had met her employer’s
legitimate job expectations. Leonard did not appeal that decision, though she admits
that she received from the district court’s help desk “the Right to Appeal rules.”
Leonard also pursued a second path of redress, which progressed on a slower
track. While she was still working at HUD, Leonard had filed three grievances with the
EEOC. Each grievance complained that her supervisors’ criticisms and remarks were
discriminatory and harassing. The grievances were based on the same evidence that
Leonard presented to the Board in her first path of redress, challenging her discharge.
Waiting until after the Board decided the discharge case, the EEOC ruled that the Board
had resolved that the criticisms and remarks were not discriminatory. Though
dissatisfied with that ruling, she did not ask the judge in the discharge case, which was
now in federal court, to allow her to add claims that her supervisors’ comments were
unlawful. Instead, Leonard filed a second federal case, the one now before us against
the current Secretary of HUD. In this suit, she contends that her supervisors harassed
her, unfairly criticized her and, as in the first suit, fired her for discriminatory reasons.
The district court concluded that claim preclusion bars this suit.
No. 16‐1552 Page 3
On appeal Leonard properly does not dispute that elements of claim preclusion
are met. The preclusive effect of a prior federal suit “prevents the relitigation of claims
already litigated as well as those that could have been litigated but were not” where
three elements are met: “(1) an identity of parties; (2) a final judgment on the merits;
and (3) an identity of the cause of action (as determined by comparing the suits’
operative facts).” Palka v. City of Chicago, 662 F.3d 428, 437 (7th Cir. 2011) (internal
citations omitted). An officer, such as the Secretary of HUD, sued in his official capacity
is identical to his successor for purposes of claim preclusion. See City of New Orleans v.
Citizens’ Bank of La., 167 U.S. 371, 388 (1897); Gray v. Lacke, 885 F.2d 399, 405 (7th Cir.
1989) (explaining that persons sued in official capacity are in privity with government
entities and other employees). Both suits allege that HUD discriminated against her,
and they both rely on the same core facts: Leonard’s performance reviews, her
supervisors’ comments, and her discharge. Lastly, the entry of judgment in the first case
was a final one on the merits. See Czarniecki v. City of Chicago, 633 F.3d 545, 549 (7th Cir.
2011).
Instead, Leonard argues that this court should excuse her duplicative litigation
for two reasons, but both are baseless. First, she says that she did not know that she
could appeal the district court’s adverse decision in her first case. But Leonard cites no
authority for her contention that ignorance of the right to appeal negates claim
preclusion. Her contention, if correct, would mean that decisions are not conclusive
unless courts advise civil litigants about their right to appeal. But the Supreme Court
has declined to impose on courts a duty to counsel civil litigants. See Martinez v. Court of
Appeal of Cal., Fourth Appellate Dist., 528 U.S. 152, 162 (2000) (“[T]he trial judge is under
no duty to provide personal instruction on courtroom procedure.”); Arnett v. Webster,
658 F.3d 742, 756 (7th Cir. 2011) (“fomenting litigation” not part of judicial function);
Pearle Vision, Inc. v. Romm, 541 F.3d 751, 758 (7th Cir. 2008) (even pro se litigants must
comply with procedural rules). In any event, on appeal Leonard acknowledges that she
received from the help desk information about appealing, so she was not ignorant of
her rights.
Leonard’s second argument is that she did not have a full and fair opportunity to
litigate the first suit because she was not armed with the discovery that she now has.
She points to performance appraisals of a black male colleague that she says were not
produced in the first case, as well as a description of her job. But new evidence does not
relieve a litigant of the preclusive effect of a previous federal judgment. Hudson v.
Hedge, 27 F.3d 274, 276 (7th Cir. 1994). Although Leonard did not obtain these
documents in her first case, she had a full and fair opportunity to do so during the
No. 16‐1552 Page 4
nearly two years in which she conducted discovery, extended several times at her
request. See DeGuelle v. Camilli, 724 F.3d 933, 936 (7th Cir. 2013); United States v. Sandoz
Pharm. Corp., 894 F.2d 825, 828 (6th Cir. 1990). If dissatisfied with the extent of discovery
in the first case, Leonard may not use this appeal to attack collaterally the discovery
rulings in the first case. See Fed. Election Comm’n v. Al Salvi for Senate Comm., 205 F.3d
1015, 1020 (7th Cir. 2000); Hudson, 27 F.3d at 276. Finally, we do not see how either
document would have changed the outcome. The evidence does not undermine the
district court’s conclusion in the first case that she failed to meet her legitimate job
expectations.
One final note. We recognize that when Leonard filed her first suit, the EEOC
had not finished processing her grievances about the events that preceded her
discharge. Although she does not argue the point, we have considered whether
Leonard, needing to wait until the EEOC finished its work, may for that reason
overcome claim preclusion and relitigate claims about events occurring before her
discharge. The answer is no. When the EEOC finished its work, the first case (about the
discharge) was still pending. Leonard could have asked the judge in that case to add
any claims for relief about those pre‐discharge events, which as we have said also
formed the basis for her discharge claims. Because she did not, claim preclusion still
applies. See Palka, 662 F.3d at 438; Czarniecki, 633 F.3d at 550–51 (7th Cir. 2011);
Brzostowski v. Laidlaw Waste Sys. Inc., 49 F.3d 337, 339 (7th Cir. 1995).
AFFIRMED.