United States Court of Appeals
                            FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                     ___________

                                     No. 99-3714
                                     ___________

United States of America,                 *
                                          *
                    Appellee,             * Appeal from the United States
                                          * District Court for the District of
      v.                                  * Nebraska.
                                          *
Paul Brian Portmann,                      *       [PUBLISHED]
                                          *
                    Appellant.            *
                                     ___________

                                Submitted: March 14, 2000

                                    Filed: March 23, 2000
                                     ___________

Before MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD and FAGG, Circuit Judges, and BENNETT,*
      District Judge.
                          ___________

PER CURIAM.

       Paul Brian Portmann was stopped by a Nebraska trooper for driving onto the
shoulder of the interstate highway in violation of Nebraska traffic laws. See Neb. Rev.
Stat. § 60-6,142 (1993). As the trooper stood beside the driver's door during the stop,
he smelled a faint odor of raw marijuana coming from the interior of the car. The
trooper completed a valid traffic stop, giving Portmann a warning. Before Portmann

      *
        The Honorable Mark W. Bennett, United States District Judge for the Northern
District of Iowa, sitting by designation.
could leave, the trooper asked for consent to search Portmann's car for drugs, weapons,
large amounts of cash or alcohol. After the trooper made several attempts to get
consent, Portmann made it clear that he wanted to be on his way. Instead of allowing
Portmann to leave, the trooper took the drug detection dog from his patrol car and ran
it around Portmann's car. The dog alerted to the rear of the car and a search yielded 70
packages of marijuana with a total weight of 248 pounds. Portmann moved to suppress
the evidence, claiming the trooper did not have probable cause to conduct the
warrantless search of the car. Having found the smell of raw marijuana detected by the
trooper at the outset of the traffic stop gave him probable cause to detain and search,
the magistrate recommended denial of Portmann's motion. The district court concurred
in that finding and denied Portmann's motion. Portmann entered a conditional guilty
plea on the charge of possession with intent to distribute marijuana in violation of 21
U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and received a sentence of 37 months with 60 months supervised
release. Portmann appeals the denial of his motion to suppress. We affirm.



       Portmann argues the district court erroneously denied his motion to suppress
because the judge failed to conduct the de novo review of the magistrate's Report and
Recommendation on the contested issue of the trooper's credibility required by the
Federal Magistrates Act, 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and the Local Rules of the United
States District Court for the District of Nebraska § 72.4. We disagree. The statute
contemplates that the court "'will consider the record which has been developed before
the magistrate and make [its] own determination on the basis of that record, without
being bound to adopt the findings and conclusions of the magistrate,'" United States
v. Raddatz, 

, 675 (1980) (citation omitted), but the court is entitled to
"accept, . . . in whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the
magistrate," 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Here, the district court "reviewed the entire court
record, including both of the exhibits . . . and the transcript . . . of the evidentiary
hearing ." While the district court found some of the trooper's testimony on other issues
was not credible, it concluded from the totality of the circumstances that the trooper's

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testimony regarding the odor of marijuana was credible and adopted the magistrate's
Report and Recommendation. Because the district court's decision was based on an
independent review of the record, we conclude the court made the required de novo
review.

       Portmann concedes the smell of marijuana would give the trooper probable cause
to search his car, see United States v. McCoy, No. 99-3483, 

, at *1
(8th Cir. Jan. 21, 2000) (per curiam); United States v. Caves, 

, 90-91 (8th
Cir. 1989), but contends the trooper's assertion that he smelled marijuana was not
credible. We review the district court's finding that the trooper smelled marijuana for
clear error and we find none. See United States v. Womack, 

, 885 (8th
Cir. 1999). The district court credited the trooper's testimony that he smelled the odor
of raw marijuana coming from the interior of the car because "[t]he large quantity of
raw marijuana later discovered in the Lincoln's trunk supports the fact that an odor of
marijuana was detectable while [the] [t]rooper . . . was at the driver's window or door
of the Lincoln." While evidence showed the wind was at the trooper's back as he stood
at the driver's side of Portmann's car, the proposition that he still could have smelled
the marijuana is not so implausible that a reasonable fact-finder would not credit the
testimony. See 

the district court's denial of Portmann's motion to suppress.



      A true copy.

             Attest:

                     CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.




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