NAHMIAS, Justice.
Appellant Constance Clark was convicted of malice murder and a firearm offense as a party to the shooting death of her husband, William Eric Clark. On appeal, she argues that the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to support her convictions and that the trial court erred in allowing the prosecutor to offer unsworn testimony during the State's opening argument, in admitting testimony by a medical examiner who did not perform the victim's autopsy, and in permitting a witness's videotaped statement to be played for the jury multiple times in alleged violation of the continuing witness rule. We affirm.
1. (a) Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdicts, the evidence at trial showed the following. Appellant and the victim were married in 1999; they lived in Bessemer, Alabama. In June 2000, the victim obtained a $100,000 life insurance policy. In June 2005, less than six months before he was killed, the victim obtained another policy in the amount of $500,000. Appellant was named as the primary beneficiary on both policies. At some point during their relationship, Appellant and the victim began having financial difficulties, and they argued about whether Appellant should spend their money on illegal drugs. The couple borrowed money from the victim's mother, and they eventually filed for bankruptcy. In the late spring or early summer of 2005, Appellant pulled a gun on the victim during a heated argument. That fall, one of Appellant's friends saw her in a barber shop and asked how the victim was doing. Appellant replied, "F* *k Eric. I need to collect some insurance money on his ass."
The victim worked a side job as a bartender, and he planned to drive to Atlanta on December 13, 2005, to buy liquor at a discounted rate for an event. Appellant called her cousin Jean Pierre DeVaughn, who lived in Atlanta, telling him that the victim was an abusive husband and asking him to kill the victim. Appellant then gave the victim DeVaughn's cell phone number and told the victim that she had arranged for him to meet with DeVaughn, who could help him find the discount liquor store. Meanwhile, DeVaughn called his friend Khorey Branch to ask if Branch knew where he could buy a gun, and Branch contacted Christopher Tumlin, who agreed to sell DeVaughn a handgun. On the evening of December 13, DeVaughn and Branch went to Tumlin's home in southwest Atlanta, where Tumlin sold DeVaughn a handgun for $125. DeVaughn then drove with Tumlin and Branch to a gas station near Six Flags, where they met up with the victim around 9:00 p.m.
Under the impression that he was being led to the liquor store, the victim then followed DeVaughn to Waterford Edge, an unfinished subdivision near College Park where
About two weeks after the murder, Appellant called the detective assigned to the case. She did not seem concerned with the progress of the investigation, instead asking why the insurance company had not paid her the death benefit on her husband. Derrick Henry, who dated Appellant after the murder, told investigators that Appellant had paid her cousin Pierre $5,000 to kill the victim. At trial, Tumlin testified that he overheard DeVaughn say "he knew this lady that wanted her husband killed" in the car on the way to the gas station where they met the victim. And Branch testified that on the car ride home after the shooting, DeVaughn said that his cousin had wanted her husband killed because he was being abusive. Cell phone records showed four calls between DeVaughn and Appellant on the night the victim was killed, two calls within the two hours before the shooting and two calls about two hours afterward.
(b) Contrary to Appellant's initial argument, the evidence presented at trial and summarized above was sufficient to authorize a rational jury to find Appellant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt as a party to the crimes for which she was convicted. Her convictions therefore survive due process review under the federal constitution. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). See also OCGA § 16-2-20 (defining parties to a crime); Vega v. State, 285 Ga. 32, 33, 673 S.E.2d 223 (2009) ("`It was for the jury to determine the credibility of the witnesses and to resolve any conflicts or inconsistencies in the evidence.'" (citation omitted)).
(c) Appellant also contends that the evidence was insufficient to support her convictions under Georgia statutory law because the evidence was entirely circumstantial and did not exclude every reasonable explanation except that of her guilt. Under former OCGA § 24-4-6 (§ 24-14-6 in the new Evidence Code), to warrant a conviction on circumstantial evidence alone, the proven facts must not only be consistent with the hypothesis of guilt, but also must exclude every reasonable theory other than the guilt of the accused.
The evidence against Appellant, most particularly the evidence from Derrick Henry, was not entirely circumstantial, so her argument rests on an incorrect premise.
Merritt v. State, 285 Ga. 778, 779, 683 S.E.2d 855 (2009) (citations omitted).
The evidence in this case showed that Appellant and the victim were in financial distress, their relationship was strained, Appellant pulled a gun on the victim months before his death, and Appellant stood to gain $600,000 from the victim's death as the primary beneficiary of his life insurance policies.
(d) Appellant further contends that the evidence was insufficient because she was convicted based upon the testimony of a single accomplice, Christopher Tumlin. Under former OCGA § 24-4-8 (§ 24-14-8 in the new Evidence Code):
We have explained that under this statute,
Threatt v. State, 293 Ga. 549, 551, 748 S.E.2d 400 (2013) (citations and punctuation omitted). The corroborating evidence may be testimony from another accomplice. See Hanifa v. State, 269 Ga. 797, 808, 505 S.E.2d 731 (1998).
Appellant's argument is meritless. Tumlin's testimony was not the sole basis for a finding of any element of the offenses of which Appellant was convicted, and in any event his testimony was adequately corroborated by other evidence, including Branch's testimony.
2. Appellant argues that her convictions should be reversed because the trial court allowed the prosecutor to offer unsworn testimony about his role in the investigation during his opening statement. Appellant did not object to the prosecutor's opening statement, however, and she therefore failed to preserve this issue for appeal. See Johnson v. State, 293 Ga. 641, 643, 748 S.E.2d 896 (2013); Hall v. State, 292 Ga. 701, 702, 743 S.E.2d 6 (2013). Moreover, Appellant has not shown any harm from the only aspect of the prosecutor's opening statement that was not supported by the evidence the State then presented to the jury — a brief reference to when the prosecutor had been assigned the case. See Burgeson v. State, 267 Ga. 102, 107, 475 S.E.2d 580 (1996). We note in this respect that prior to opening statements, the trial court instructed the jury that "[t]his opening statement is not evidence. Remember that what the lawyers say is not evidence but it is a preview or an outline of what they expect the evidence to be."
3. Appellant contends that the trial court erred by allowing a medical examiner who did not perform the victim's autopsy to testify that the victim's cause of death was
In any event, this Court has held, as a matter of Georgia evidence law in effect at the time of this trial, that "[a]n expert may base her opinions on data gathered by others." Watkins v. State, 285 Ga. 355, 358, 676 S.E.2d 196 (2009).
4. Finally, Appellant contends that the trial court violated the continuing witness rule by allowing Tumlin's videotaped statement to the police, which Appellant had admitted into evidence during Tumlin's cross-examination, to be replayed to the jury multiple times — during the subsequent testimony of a detective who took the statement, during the State's closing argument, and in the courtroom at the jury's request during its deliberations. Yet again, Appellant did not object at trial, and thus she failed to preserve this claim for appeal. See Whitehead, 287 Ga. at 246, 695 S.E.2d 255. But in any event, objections based on the continuing witness rule would have been meritless. That rule of Georgia law regulates which documents or recordings go into the jury room with the jury during deliberations and which ones do not. See Paul S. Milich, Ga. Rules of Evidence § 19:8 (2014-2015 ed.). The rule has no application to the replaying of recorded statements during the examination of witnesses, during closing arguments, or in the courtroom at the jury's request during deliberations. See Lopez v. State, 291 Ga.App. 210, 214, 661 S.E.2d 618 (2008) ("[T]he continuing witness rule does not apply where, as here, the videotape was replayed to the jury a single time `in a controlled environment, the courtroom, with all parties and the trial judge present.'" (citation omitted)).
Judgment affirmed.
All the Justices concur.
DeVaughn was tried before Appellant and convicted on all charges; this Court recently affirmed his convictions on appeal. See DeVaughn v. State, Case No. S14A1722, 296 Ga. 475, 769 S.E.2d 70, 2015 WL 412043 (decided Feb. 2, 2015). Tumlin testified at Appellant's trial under a grant of use immunity; the record does not indicate how the charges against him were resolved. The record does not indicate whether Khorey Branch, who was with DeVaughn and Tumlin at the time of the crimes, was ever charged.