United States Court of Appeals
                             FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

                                     ___________

                                     No. 02-1559
                                     ___________


United States of America,                 *
                                          *
            Plaintiff - Appellee,         *
                                          *   Appeal from the United
   v.                                     *   States District Court
                                          *   For the Eastern District
Martin Taliaferro Sumlin,                 *   of Missouri
                                          *
            Defendant - Appellant.        *

                                     __________

                             Submitted: September 12, 2002
                                 Filed: February 3, 2003
                                      __________

Before MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD and SMITH, Circuit Judges, and BOGUE,1
District Judge.
                          _________

BOGUE, District Judge.

        Martin T. Sumlin appeals the sentence he received following his guilty plea
to three counts of distribution of more than five grams of cocaine base, in violation


        1
        The Honorable Andrew W. Bogue, United States Senior District Judge for
the District of South Dakota, sitting by designation.
of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). Sumlin argues that the district court2 erred in ordering the
federal sentence served consecutive to the four-year term imposed by the state of
Missouri. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.

       On August 3, 1999, in the Circuit Court of Mississippi County, Missouri,
Sumlin entered a plea of guilty to the offense of possession of a controlled
substance. He was sentenced on March 15, 2000, to a term of imprisonment of four
years in the Missouri Department of Corrections. The execution of the sentence was
suspended, and Sumlin was placed on probation for a period of four years.

       Sumlin subsequently entered a plea of guilty on November 5, 2001, in the
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, to three counts of
distribution of more than five grams of cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841
(a)(1). The charges arose from acts committed by Sumlin while he was on probation
for the state offense. Prior to sentencing, the district court provided the parties with
the opportunity to address whether the sentence should run consecutive to the state
court sentence. On February 22, 2002, the district court sentenced Sumlin to three
168-month terms of imprisonment, to be served concurrent with one another. The
court also determined that the federal sentences should be served consecutive to the
state imposed sentence.

       On appeal, Sumlin first argues that no authority exists under 18 U.S.C. § 3584
to order a sentence concurrent with, or consecutive to, a non-existing, un-imposed,
future sentence. We review questions of statutory interpretation de novo. United
States v. McIntosh, 

, 972 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 

, 

, 

(2001).



      2
        The Honorable Rodney W. Sippel, United States District Court Judge for
the Eastern District of Missouri.
                                           2
      At the outset, we must note that Sumlin’s first argument is factually incorrect.
Although Sumlin’s probation had not been revoked as of the date of the sentencing
by the district court, the state court sentence had in fact been imposed and only the
execution of the sentence was suspended. Sumlin’s argument that the sentence was
“non-existing” or “un-imposed” is therefore inaccurate.

      Regardless of the characterization of the state sentence, our holding in United
States v. Mayotte, 

(8th Cir. 2001), is dispositive of this issue. In
Mayotte, we stated:

      Neither the statute nor the Guidelines directly address whether the
      district court may impose a federal sentence to be served consecutively
      to a yet-to-be-imposed state sentence. They certainly do not prohibit it,
      however; and suggestive of the contrary, the statute encourages
      consecutive sentences when prison terms are imposed at different times,
      see 18 U.S.C. § 3584(a), ...

We recognize that in Mayotte, we relied upon 18 U.S.C. § 3584(a),
U.S.S.G. § 7B1.3, and its corresponding commentary note 4, to determine that the
district court has the authority to order a federal sentence to run consecutive to a state
sentence which was yet-to-be-imposed. 

applicable guideline in this
case is U.S.S.G. § 5G1.3(c) with its corresponding commentary note 6, the
commentary notes of the two guideline sections are similar in both content and the
guidance they provide. We, therefore, conclude that the holding in Mayotte is
applicable to this case. Thus, the authority to impose Sumlin’s federal sentences to
run consecutive to his state sentence fell within the broad discretion granted to the
district court. See 

States v. Williams, 

, 59 (10th Cir.),
cert. denied, 

, 

, 

(1995); United States v.
Ballard, 

, 1506 (11th Cir. 1993)).




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       Second, Sumlin argues that the district court’s finding of a mandatory
requirement for consecutive sentences under U.S.S.G. § 5G1.3(c), constitutes an
abuse of discretion under the Guidelines and 18 U.S.C. § 3584. Sumlin contends that
a decision based upon § 5G1.3(c) and any interpretation that it requires consecutive
sentences, is erroneous.

       We review the district court’s application of the sentencing guidelines de novo.
United States v. Hetherington, 

, 796 (8th Cir. 2001). The district court,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3584, properly considered the factors outlined in 18 U.S.C.
§ 3553(a). The court also appropriately examined the relevant policy statements
issued by the Sentencing Commission in determining U.S.S.G. § 5G1.3(c) and its
corresponding commentary note 6 was applicable to this case. Although it does not
appear that the district court found a mandatory requirement of consecutive sentences,
such an interpretation of the Guidelines would not be erroneous. We have previously
held that note 6 of U.S.S.G. § 5G1.3 mandates consecutive sentences, despite the use
of the word “should.” See United States v. Smith, 

(8th Cir. 2002).
Sumlin’s argument is therefore without merit.

      Accordingly, the sentence determination by the district court is affirmed.

      A true copy.

             Attest:

                     CLERK, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS, EIGHTH CIRCUIT.




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