United States Court of Appeals
                           FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
                                   ___________

                                   No. 04-2519
                                   ___________

Edward DuBois,                       *
                                     *
            Appellant,               *
                                     * Appeal from the United States
     v.                              * District Court for the
                                     * District of North Dakota.
Jo Anne B. Barnhart,                 *
Commissioner of Social Security      *    [UNPUBLISHED]
                                     *
            Appellee.                *
                                ___________

                             Submitted: February 17, 2005
                                Filed: June 14, 2005
                                 ___________

Before MORRIS SHEPPARD ARNOLD, BOWMAN, and GRUENDER, Circuit
      Judges.
                         ___________

PER CURIAM.

      Edward DuBois appeals an order of the district court1 affirming the
Commissioner of Social Security's decision to deny his application for disability
insurance benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act. See 42 U.S.C. §§ 416(i),
423. After a hearing, an administrative law judge (ALJ) denied benefits to
Mr. DuBois, and, when the Appeals Council denied review, the ALJ's decision

      1
        The Honorable Daniel L. Hovland, Chief Judge, United States District Court
for the District of North Dakota.
became the final decision of the Commissioner. Mr. DuBois argues that the ALJ
erred by not properly evaluating his credibility regarding his claim that he suffers
from, inter alia, post-traumatic stress disorder stemming from his experiences in
Vietnam, and he asserts that the record requires a finding that he is disabled. He also
maintains that the ALJ failed to give due weight to a Veterans Administration (VA)
determination that he is one-hundred percent disabled. In short, Mr. DuBois asserts
that the Commissioner's decision is not supported by substantial evidence. See 42
U.S.C. § 405(g). We affirm.

      "Substantial evidence is less than a preponderance, but enough so that a
reasonable mind might find it adequate to support the conclusion." Johnson v. Apfel,

, 1147 (8th Cir. 2001). Provided that substantial evidence supports the
Commissioner's decision, this court may not reverse even if the record also provides
substantial evidence to support a contrary outcome. See Haley v. Massanari, 

, 747 (8th Cir. 2001).


       We conclude that substantial evidence supports the Commissioner's decision.
When evaluating Mr. DuBois's subjective complaints, the ALJ properly considered
the totality of the evidence, see Burns v. Sullivan, 

, 1219-20 (8th Cir.
1989) (per curiam), including the considerations set out in Polaski v. Heckler, 

, 1322 (8th Cir. 1984). Because much of the evidence in the record
militated against taking his complaints at face value, the ALJ discounted
Mr. DuBois's credibility. During his hearing, Mr. DuBois repeatedly stated that he
did not intend to return to work because his VA benefits would end if he did. For this
reason, the ALJ concluded that "[s]econdary gain is a theme throughout this record."
Cf. Eichelberger v. Barnhart, 

, 590 (8th Cir. 2004); Gaddis v. Chater,

, 896 (8th Cir. 1996). Moreover, although Mr. DuBois claims that his
disability began in September of 1996, he successfully pursued a sales and marketing
degree from the fall of 1997 until he graduated in the spring of 2001. (We note that


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Mr. DuBois was insured for disability benefits through December 31, 2001, and
therefore he must establish his disability by that date.) The ALJ also evaluated
Mr. DuBois's daily, social, and recreational activities and found them inconsistent
with the type and severity of symptoms that Mr. DuBois described. The ALJ
considered but ultimately rejected Mr. DuBois's subjective complaints, and we will
not disturb this decision when, as here, the ALJ's conclusion is supported by
substantial evidence in the record as a whole. See Haggard v. Apfel, 

,
594-95 (8th Cir. 1999).


       Mr. DuBois also argues that the ALJ failed to give due weight to a
determination by the VA that he is one-hundred percent disabled. But a disability
decision by the VA is based on its rules and not those of the Social Security
Administration. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1504. Therefore, a determination by the VA
that Mr. DuBois is disabled was not binding on the ALJ. 

binding,
a "VA finding [is] important enough to deserve explicit attention" and must be
considered by the ALJ. Morrison v. Apfel, 

, 628 (8th Cir. 1998). The
ALJ's actions in the instant case are consistent with this admonition. The ALJ,
moreover, evaluated the conflicting medical and lay opinions regarding Mr. DuBois's
ability to work differently from the way the VA did, as was the ALJ's prerogative.


      Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
                           ______________________




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