STEPHENS, Judge.

Factual and Procedural Background

On 3 August 2001, Respondent Randall Herndon ("Herndon") executed a promissory note in favor of Long Beach Mortgage Company ("Long Beach") in consideration for a $60,800 loan. The loan was payable over 30 years at a rate of 11.25% interest. Herndon and his wife, Respondent Nona R. Herndon, executed a deed of trust to secure the debt with real property located at 1375 Union Church Road in Dunn ("the home"). Herndon defaulted on the debt beginning with his failure to make a payment due 1 November 2007 and never again made a payment on the loan.

After the note was executed, Long Beach endorsed it such that it was payable to "blank." By November 2009, Petitioner U.S. Bank National Association ("the bank") was in possession of the note and was trustee of the deed of trust. On 4 November 2009, the substitute trustee, on behalf of the bank, filed in the Superior Court in Sampson County a notice of hearing in support of its foreclosure petition in file number 09 SP 246 ("the first foreclosure petition"). The notice of hearing stated that the petition would be heard on 7 June 2010, noted that the debt had been accelerated, and generally described a payment default. The substitute trustee obtained continuances for the hearing several times, with the last hearing date set for 25 August 2011. However, on 19 August 2011, the substitute trustee took a voluntary dismissal of the special proceeding pursuant to Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a).

On 8 December 2011, the substitute trustee filed a notice of hearing in support of a foreclosure petition in file number 11 SP 248 ("the second foreclosure petition"). The notice set the hearing in the second foreclosure proceeding for 9 February 2012, noted that the debt had been accelerated, and generally described a payment default. Following a series of continuances, the second petition came on for hearing on 4 October 2012. At the hearing, evidence was presented, including an acceleration warning letter dated 21 October 2011. At the conclusion of the hearing, the clerk entered an order permitting foreclosure, which the Herndons appealed to the superior court the following day. However, before the appeal was heard, the substitute trustee again took a voluntary dismissal of the special proceeding pursuant to Rule 41(a).

On 21 February 2014, the substitute trustee filed a notice of hearing in support of a foreclosure petition in file number 14 SP 36 ("the third foreclosure petition"). The notice set the hearing in the third foreclosure proceeding for 27 March 2014 and noted that the debt had been accelerated. The hearing was continued several times. At the hearing on 21 August 2014, evidence was presented to the clerk, who entered an order permitting foreclosure on the same day. The Herndons appealed that order to the Sampson County Superior Court on 2 September 2014. Following a hearing in November 2014, the Honorable Gale M. Adams, Judge presiding, entered an order on 30 December 2014 reversing the clerk's order and dismissing the proceeding ("the dismissal order"). The dismissal order provided:

On 27 January 2015, the substitute trustee gave notice of appeal from the dismissal order.

Discussion

On appeal, the substitute trustee argues that the superior court erred in (1) excluding an affidavit from Dana Crawford and (2) dismissing the third foreclosure petition under the "two dismissal rule" of Rule 41(a). As discussed below, we reverse the dismissal order.

I. The Crawford affidavit

The substitute trustee first argues that the superior court erred in excluding an affidavit from Dana Crawford, a document control officer employed by the authorized servicer handling Herndon's loan for the bank. However, on appeal, the substitute trustee acknowledges that "neither party expressly sought to admit [the Crawford affidavit]" at the hearing before the superior court, "although [the substitute trustee's] counsel did refer to it." After reviewing the transcript of the 3 November 2014 proceeding in the superior court, we agree that the Crawford affidavit was never offered for admission.

Toward the end of the motion hearing, the Crawford affidavit was discussed by Robert Hood, counsel for the substitute trustee:

(Emphasis added). There followed a brief discussion with the Herndons' counsel during which the affidavits were not mentioned, and the substitute trustee's counsel expressed concern about the original note and deed of trust which the trial court had been reviewing. Judge Adams responded, "A copy of the note is in the file. Let me hand back these affidavits also. The note is in the file." That remark ends the hearing transcript, and nothing in the transcript suggests that the substitute trustee's counsel ever asked that the affidavits be admitted or clarified for the court that he did not want the affidavits to be returned along with the original note and deed of trust.

Further, even assuming arguendo that the affidavits were offered for admission and that the trial court excluded them, as the substitute trustee notes,

State v. Whaley, 362 N.C. 156, 160, 655 S.E.2d 388, 390 (2008) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). Exclusion of evidence is proper "under Rule 403 if the trial court determines its `probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.'" Id. at 159-60, 655 S.E.2d at 390 (quoting N.C. Gen.Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 403) (emphasis added). The substitute trustee's counsel stated that the affidavits were being offered "just to bolster the, again, the notion of the elements of default" and characterized them as "superfluous" given that other evidence in the file "was sufficient." Considering that the proponent of the evidence explicitly described the affidavits as unnecessary and cumulative, we would reject the argument that the trial court's decision not to admit them was "unsupported by reason or [was] so arbitrary that it could not have been the result of a reasoned decision." See id. at 160, 655 S.E.2d at 390 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, even if we were to hold that the affidavits had been offered into evidence, we would conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in declining to admit them. This argument is overruled.

II. The two dismissal rule

The substitute trustee next argues that the superior court erred in dismissing the third foreclosure petition under the two dismissal rule of Rule 41(a). We agree.

We begin by addressing the substitute trustee's assertion that the loan was not accelerated until 21 August 2011, the date of the only acceleration warning letter included in the record before us. The substitute trustee contends that the first foreclosure petition was filed before the loan was accelerated and was thus based upon Herndon's default on the individual payments up to the time of filing, while the second foreclosure petition was filed after the loan was accelerated and, thus, was based on Herndon's default on the total remaining balance owed. As a result, the substitute trustee urges that, because the claim in the second foreclosure petition was not based upon the same transaction or occurrence as the first foreclosure petition, the two dismissal rule was not triggered by dismissal of the second foreclosure petition. We must reject the factual premise of the substitute trustee's argument on this point. The 4 November 2009 notice of hearing in support of the first foreclosure petition specifically states that the loan had been accelerated as of that date. However, in light of recent precedent from this Court, this factual point makes no difference in our resolution of the central question before us, to wit, whether the two dismissal rule was applicable in this matter.

"A creditor can seek to enforce payment of a promissory note by pursuing foreclosure by power of sale, judicial foreclosure, or by filing for a money judgment, or all three options, until the debt has been satisfied." Lifestore Bank v. Mingo Tribal Pres. Trust, ___ N.C.App. ___, ___, 763 S.E.2d 6, 7 (2014), disc. review denied, ___ N.C. ___, 771 S.E.2d 306 (2015). "A foreclosure under power of sale is a type of special proceeding, to which our Rules of Civil Procedure apply[,]" id. at ___, 763 S.E.2d at 9 (citation omitted), including Rule 41(a) which

In re Foreclosure by Rogers Townsend & Thomas, PC, ___ N.C.App. ___, ___, 773 S.E.2d 101, 103-04 (2015) (citations, internal quotation marks, brackets, ellipses, and footnote omitted) (hereinafter, "Rogers Townsend & Thomas").

The Herndons cite Lifestore Bank in arguing that the voluntary dismissal of the second foreclosure petition operated as an adjudication on the merits of the substitute trustee's claims such that Rule 41(a) required dismissal of the third foreclosure petition. Our review reveals a critical factual distinction between that case and the matter here that renders Lifestore Bank inapposite. In Lifestore Bank, the lender first sought to recover on two promissory notes by an action for foreclosure by power of sale which the lender later voluntarily dismissed. ___ N.C.App. at ___, 763 S.E.2d at 10. The lender also took a voluntary dismissal of its second action for foreclosure by power of sale. Id. The lender then filed a complaint which included claims for a money judgment on the two promissory notes, as well as for judicial foreclosure. Id. at ___, 763 S.E.2d at 8. The trial court applied the two dismissal rule to dismiss the lender's claim for judicial foreclosure, and the lender appealed. Id. at ___, 763 S.E.2d at 9. This Court reversed, noting that "a judicial foreclosure differs from a foreclosure by power of sale in that a judicial foreclosure is not a type of special proceeding and, as such, can be pursued by a creditor after a foreclosure by power of sale has failed." Id. at ___, 763 S.E.2d at 12-13 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). This Court thus reasoned that, "the two dismissal rule ... [was] not applicable to [the lender's] claim for judicial foreclosure as [the lender] could not have brought a claim for judicial foreclosure in the same action as its claims for foreclosure by power of sale." Id. at ___, 763 S.E.2d at 13 (citation omitted). Accordingly, the Court held that "[t]he two dismissal rule of Rule 41 does not bar a creditor from bringing an action for judicial foreclosure or for money judgment where the creditor has filed and then taken voluntary dismissals from two prior actions for foreclosure by power of sale." Id. at ___, 763 S.E.2d at 7 (internal quotation marks omitted; emphasis in original). The issue before the Court in Lifestore Bank was the applicability of the two dismissal rule where an action for judicial foreclosure and a money judgment is filed following the voluntary dismissal of two previous actions for foreclosure by sale. By contrast, in the matter before us here, the issue is the applicability of the two dismissal rule where a third action for foreclosure by sale is brought following the voluntary dismissal of two previous actions for foreclosure by sale. Accordingly, the holding of Lifestore Bank is wholly inapplicable to the present appeal.

We acknowledge that the Court in Lifestore Bank remarked that "by taking two sets of voluntary dismissals as to its claims for foreclosure by power of sale, the second set of voluntary dismissals is an adjudication on the merits which bars [the lender] from undertaking a third foreclosure by power of sale action...." Id. at ___, 763 S.E.2d at 12 (internal quotation marks omitted). However, because the lender never brought a third action for foreclosure by power of sale, the issue of the two dismissal rule's effect on a third action for foreclosure by power of sale was not before the Lifestore Bank Court. This observation, therefore, was mere dicta and does not control the resolution of the issue presented by this case. Recently, however, the appeal in Rogers Townsend & Thomas presented this Court with the opportunity to address as a matter of first impression the identical question before us here: whether the two dismissal rule bars a third action for foreclosure by power of sale following the voluntary dismissal of two previous actions for foreclosure by power of sale.

In Rogers Townsend & Thomas, the

___ N.C.App. at ___, 773 S.E.2d at 104 (italics added). After noting that our State's appellate courts had not addressed the issue directly, this Court reviewed related case law from North Carolina as well as the approaches to the two dismissal rule in foreclosure matters in other jurisdictions before holding that "a lender's election to accelerate payment on a note and foreclose on a deed of trust does not necessarily place future payments at issue such that the lender is barred from filing subsequent foreclosure actions based upon subsequent defaults, or periods of default, on the same note." Id. at ___, 773 S.E.2d at 106.

The Court went on to explain and apply its reasoning where two foreclosure actions with accelerated loans are dismissed voluntarily:

Id. at ___, 773 S.E.2d at 107 (citation, internal quotation marks, brackets, and ellipsis omitted). After comparing the operative facts at issue in the foreclosure by sale actions brought by the lender, the Court concluded:

Id. at ___, 773 S.E.2d at 108 (italics added). In so holding, the Court specifically distinguished the factual circumstances and procedural posture in Rogers Townsend & Thomas from those present in Lifestore Bank:

Id. at ___, 773 S.E.2d at 104-05.

We perceive no difference between the relevant facts and procedural posture in Rogers Townsend & Thomas and the case before us. Here, the promissory note for $60,800.00 was executed on 3 August 2001 with payments due on the first day of each month from October 2001 through September 2031. The first foreclosure petition was filed on 4 November 2009 and thus covered defaults by Herndon between November 2007 and November 2009. The second foreclosure petition was filed on 8 December 2011, and therefore covered the additional defaults by Herndon each month from December 2009 through December 2011. The third foreclosure petition was filed on 21 February 2014, covering the further defaults by Herndon between 1 January 2012 and February 2014.

Just as in Rogers Townsend & Thomas, during each of these time periods, Herndon continued to default, and the "lender's election to accelerate payment on a note ... [did] not necessarily place future payments at issue such that the lender [was] barred from filing subsequent foreclosure actions based upon subsequent defaults, or periods of default, on the same note." Id. at ___, 773 S.E.2d at 106. Applying this precedent, we reach the same holding. Because the "claims of default and particular facts at issue in each action differed, Rule 41(a)'s two dismissal rule does not apply" here, and therefore the dismissal of the second foreclosure petition "did not operate as an adjudication on the merits...." See id. at ___, 773 S.E.2d at 108. Accordingly, the substitute trustee is not barred from bringing a third action for foreclosure by power of sale, and the superior court's order dismissing the third foreclosure petition must be

REVERSED.

Judges STROUD and DAVIS concur.