MEMORANDUM OPINION

ABDUL K. KALLON, District Judge.

Plaintiff David Mark Edwards ("Edwards") brings this action pursuant to Section 205(g) of the Social Security Act ("the Act"), 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), seeking review of the final adverse decision of the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration ("SSA"). This court finds that the Administrative Law Judge's ("ALJ") decision — which has become the decision of the Commissioner — is supported by substantial evidence. Therefore, for the reasons elaborated herein, the court will affirm the decision denying benefits and deny Edwards' motion to remand.

I. Procedural History

Edwards, who has no past relevant work experience, filed an application for Supplemental Security Income on December 21, 2009, alleging an amended disability onset date of December 21, 2009, due to bad nerves, bipolar disorder, a heart murmur, emphysema, and blindness in his right eye. (R. 35, 45, 129). After the SSA denied Edwards' claim, he requested a hearing before an ALJ. (R. 109-10). The ALJ subsequently denied Edwards' claim, (R. 32-46), which became the final decision of the Commissioner when the Appeals Council refused to grant review. (R. 1-6). Edwards then filed this action for judicial review pursuant to § 205(g) of the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Doc. 1.

II. Standard of Review

The only issues before this court are whether the record contains substantial evidence to sustain the ALJ's decision, see 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Walden v. Schweiker, 672 F.2d 835, 838 (11th Cir. 1982), and whether the ALJ applied the correct legal standards. See Lamb v. Bowen, 847 F.2d 698, 701 (11th Cir. 1988); Chester v. Bowen, 792 F.2d 129, 131 (11th Cir. 1986). Title 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) mandates that the Commissioner's "factual findings are conclusive if supported by `substantial evidence.'" Martin v. Sullivan, 894 F.2d 1520, 1529 (11th Cir. 1990). The district court may not reconsider the facts, reevaluate the evidence, or substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner; instead, it must review the final decision as a whole and determine if the decision is "reasonable and supported by substantial evidence." See id. (citing Bloodsworth v. Heckler, 703 F.2d 1233, 1239 (11th Cir. 1983)). Substantial evidence falls somewhere between a scintilla and a preponderance of evidence; "[i]t is such relevant evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a conclusion." Martin, 849 F.2d at 1529 (quoting Bloodsworth, 703 F.2d at 1239) (other citations omitted). If supported by substantial evidence, the court must affirm the Commissioner's factual findings even if the preponderance of the evidence is against the Commissioner's findings. See Martin, 894 F.2d at 1529. While the court acknowledges that judicial review of the ALJ's findings is limited in scope, it notes that the review "does not yield automatic affirmance." Lamb, 847 F.2d at 701.

III. Statutory and Regulatory Framework

To qualify for disability benefits, a claimant must show "the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairments which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months." 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); 42 U.S.C. § 416(i). A physical or mental impairment is "an impairment that results from anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities which are demonstrated by medically acceptable clinical and laboratory diagnostic techniques." 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(3).

Determination of disability under the Act requires a five step analysis. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)-(g), 416.920(a)-(g). Specifically, the Commissioner must determine in sequence:

McDaniel v. Bowen, 800 F.2d 1026, 1030 (11th Cir. 1986). "An affirmative answer to any of the above questions leads either to the next question, or, on steps three and five, to a finding of disability. A negative answer to any question, other than step three, leads to a determination of `not disabled.'" Id. at 1030 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)-(f)). "Once a finding is made that a claimant cannot return to prior work the burden shifts to the Secretary to show other work the claimant can do." Foote v. Chater, 67 F.3d 1553, 1559 (11th Cir. 1995) (citation omitted).

Lastly, where, as here, a plaintiff alleges disability because of pain, he must meet additional criteria. In this circuit, "a three part `pain standard' [is applied] when a claimant seeks to establish disability through his or her own testimony of pain or other subjective symptoms." Holt v. Barnhart, 921 F.2d 1221, 1223 (11th Cir. 1991). Specifically,

Id. However, medical evidence of pain itself, or of its intensity, is not required:

Elam v. R.R. Ret. Bd., 921 F.2d 1210, 1215 (11th Cir. 1991) (parenthetical information omitted) (emphasis added). Moreover, "[a] claimant's subjective testimony supported by medical evidence that satisfies the pain standard is itself sufficient to support a finding of disability." Holt, 921 F.2d at 1223. Therefore, if a claimant testifies to disabling pain and satisfies the three part pain standard, the ALJ must find a disability unless the ALJ properly discredits the claimant's testimony.

Furthermore, when the ALJ fails to credit a claimant's pain testimony, the ALJ must articulate reasons for that decision:

Hale, 831 F.2d at 1012. Therefore, if the ALJ either fails to articulate reasons for refusing to credit the plaintiff's pain testimony, or if the ALJ's reasons are not supported by substantial evidence, the court must accept as true the pain testimony of the plaintiff and render a finding of disability. Id.

IV. The ALJ's Decision

In performing the five step analysis, the ALJ found that Edwards had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since December 21, 2009, and, therefore, met Step One. (R. 37). Next, the ALJ found that Edwards satisfied Step Two because he suffered from the severe impairments of "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, depression, hypertension, anxiety disorder, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and impaired vision in the right eye." Id. The ALJ then proceeded to the next step and found that Edwards failed to satisfy Step Three because he "does not have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets or medically equals one of the listed impairments." Id. Although the ALJ answered Step Three in the negative, consistent with the law, see McDaniel, 800 F.2d at 1030, the ALJ proceeded to Step Four where he determined that Edwards has the residual functional capacity (RFC) to perform

(R. 38-39). The ALJ held that Edwards "has no past relevant work." (R. 45). Lastly, in Step Five, the ALJ considered Edwards' age, education,2 work experience, and RFC, and determined "there are jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy [Edwards] can perform." Id. Therefore, the ALJ found that Edwards "has not been under a disability, as defined in the Social Security Act, from December 21, 2009, the date the application was filed." (R. 46).

V. Analysis

Edwards takes issue with the ALJ's decision denying his claim and has moved to remand for consideration of new evidence. More specifically, Edwards has moved to remand under sentence six of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) to allow the Commissioner to consider an August 5, 2013, award of benefits, doc. 16, and contends that (1) the Appeals Council erred by not remanding his claim in light of new evidence and failed to properly explain its decision; (2) the ALJ erred in assessing his RFC; (3) ALJ erred in finding he did not meet a listing; and (4) the ALJ erred in assessing his credibility. The court addresses each contention in turn.

A. Edwards' Motion to Remand

Edwards has moved to remand the case under sentence six of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g),3 contending that the Appeals Council's denial of his claim is inconsistent with the Commissioner's approval of a new claim, which found Edwards disabled as of December 1, 2012. Doc. 16 at 1. To obtain a remand under sentence six, the settled law in this circuit requires Edwards to establish that (1) there is new, noncumulative evidence; (2) the evidence is material; and (3) there is good cause for failure to submit the evidence at the administrative level. Caulder v. Bowen, 791 F.2d 872, 877 (11th Cir. 1986). The new evidence is material if it is "relevant and probative so that there is a reasonable possibility that it would change the administrative result." Id. Remand is not warranted here because Edwards has not established that the evidence is relevant to his condition at the time of the ALJ's decision. More specifically, Edwards failed to show that the approval of his subsequent claim is material to the ALJ's denial of his benefits on February 21, 2012. As should be apparent, the Commissioner's finding that Edwards was disabled beginning December 1, 2012, over nine months after the ALJ denied benefits in this case, is not chronologically relevant. As such, it is unlikely to change the administrative finding that Edwards was not disabled on or before February 21, 2012. Accordingly, Edwards' motion for remand is without merit and will be denied.

B. The Appeals Council's Actions

Edwards next contends that the ALJ erred when it failed to review his claim in light of the new evidence he submitted to the Appeals Council. Doc. 11 at 25-26. If a claimant "properly presents new evidence to the [Appeals Council] and it denies review, [a reviewing court] essentially consider[s] the claimant's evidence anew to determine whether `that new evidence renders the denial of benefits erroneous.'" Levie, 514 F. App'x. at 832 (quoting Ingram v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 496 F.3d 1253, 1262 (11th Cir.2007). Accordingly, if the ALJ's findings are supported by substantial evidence in light of the new evidence, the Appeals Council did not err by failing to review Edwards' claim. Therefore, in assessing Edwards' specific contentions of error, this court has considered the record as a whole, including the evidence made part of the record by the Appeals Council, to determine whether the ALJ's findings are supported by substantial evidence. Ingram, 496 F.3d at 1266.

Edwards also contends that the Appeals Council inadequately reviewed the new evidence. Doc. 11 at 26. According to Edwards, when "the [Appeals Council] denies review, [it] must show in its written denial that it has adequately evaluated the new evidence." Doc. 11 at 26 (emphasis deleted). To support his contention, Edwards relies on Epps v. Harris, in which the court found that the Appeals Council's failure to adequately evaluate new evidence required a remand:

624 F.2d 1267, 1273 (5th Cir. 1980) (citing Mann v. Gardner, 380 F.2d 182, 187 (5th Cir. 1967).4 Edwards' reliance on Epps is misplaced because, in Epps, the Appeals Council did not deny review; rather it granted review and then affirmed the decision of the ALJ. Id. at 1269, 1272; see also Edwards v. Colvin, No. 2:11cv883-SRW, 2013 WL 6772975 (M.D. Ala. Dec. 20, 2013) (explaining why Epps involved the Appeals Council's granting of review and affirmance of the ALJ's decision, rather than a denial of review). Significantly, the pertinent regulation in effect at the time required that when the Appeals Council grants review, its "decision shall be made in writing and contain findings of fact, and a statement of the reasons." 20 C.F.R. § 404.950(c) (1980).5 Therefore, in Epps the Appeals Council was compelled by the regulations to explain its reasons.

In contrast, here, the Appeals Council did not enter a decision affirming the ALJ.6 As a result, Epps writing requirement is not controlling. Moreover, contrary to Edwards' contention, the Appeals Council's statement that it "considered the reasons [Edwards] disagree[d] with the decision and the additional evidence listed on the enclosed Order of Appeals Council," and that it "found that this information does not provide a basis for changing the Administrative Law Judge's decision," (R. 1-2), is sufficient to show that it actually considered the relevant evidence. After all, "nothing requires the [Appeals Council] to further explain its denial of review." Levie v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 514 F. App'x 829, 832 (11th Cir. 2013) (finding identical language sufficient); see also Mansfield v. Astrue, 395 F. App'x 528, 530 (11th Cir. 2010) ("Because a reviewing court must evaluate the claimant's evidence anew, the Appeals Council was not required to provide a more thorough explanation than it did."). Accordingly, the court finds no error in the Appeals Council's explanation of its decision.

C. The ALJ's Finding of an RFC for Light Work

Next, in two related contentions, Edwards takes issue with the ALJ's finding that Edwards could perform a reduced range of light work. First, based solely on his age7 (54 at the time of the ALJ's decision), Edwards contends that the ALJ should have found him disabled under the grids8 based on Grid Rule 201.09, which provides that an individual of Edwards age with a limited education and no past relevant work, is disabled if limited to sedentary work. Doc. 11 at 8. Second, Edwards contends that the ALJ improperly relied on the testimony of the vocational expert (VE) to find Edwards could perform other work at Step Five because "the hypothetical question assumed [Edwards] could work at the light level." Doc. 11 at 21. Both contentions depend upon Edwards' unstated assumption that the ALJ erred in finding he could perform a reduced range of light work.

To support his contentions, Edwards asserts that when the evidence submitted to the Appeals Council is considered, the ALJ's denial of benefits is not supported by substantial evidence. Doc. 11 at 21. However, the only treatment record submitted to the Appeals Council that relates to Edwards' physical condition shows that he was treated by Dr. Muhammad Tariq for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. (R. 425-28). Significantly, Edwards reported no muscle weakness, myalgia, or weakness, and Dr. Tariq's physical examination was completely normal. (R. 426-27). In short, Edwards has not pointed the court to any medical evidence that shows he is more restricted than the ALJ's finding. Moreover, a review of the record shows that the ALJ relied on substantial evidence to find Edwards could perform a reduced range of light work. As the ALJ observed, the SSA consultative physical examiner, Dr. James Matic, found "a full range of motion in the cervical and lumbar spine, full range of motion in all joints, good dexterity in both upper extremities, no swelling or skin lesions, and no gait abnormalities." (R. 44, 283). Dr. Matic's findings constitute substantial evidence to support the ALJ's RFC decision. Therefore, the court finds that the ALJ committed no error in assessing Edwards' physical RFC. Consequently, Edwards failed to satisfy the criteria of Grid Rule 201.09, and the ALJ properly relied on VE testimony to find Edwards could perform other work.

D. The Listings

Edwards next contends that his depression and anxiety meet listings 12.04 and 12.06 respectively. Doc. 11 at 9-20; see 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1 (hereinafter "listing(s)"). Edwards bears the burden of showing that his impairments meet or equal a listed impairment. Barron v. Sullivan, 924 F.2d 227, 229 (11th Cir. 1991). The regulations also provide that Edwards "must furnish medical and other evidence that [the Commissioner] can use to reach conclusions about [his] medical impairment(s)." 20 C.F.R. § 404.912(a). Moreover, Edwards' impairments must "meet all of the specified medical criteria. An impairment that manifests only some of those criteria, no matter how severely, does not qualify." Sullivan v. Zebley, 493 U.S. 521, 530 (1990) (emphasis in original).

To determine whether Edwards met listing 12.04 or 12.06, the ALJ initially considered whether Edwards satisfied the paragraph B criteria of the listings.9 As to the first criteria-i.e. marked restriction of activities of daily living, see listings 12.04B(1), 12.06B(1), the ALJ found Edwards had only mild restrictions in activities of daily living because Edwards "reported to Disability Determination Services that he resided with friends, took care of his dog, had difficulties sleeping, some difficulties with personal care, and no longer engaged in his past hobbies, but was able to prepare simple meals, count change, and go outside most days." (R. 38). Next, with respect to the second criteria-i.e. marked difficulties in social functioning, see listings 12.04B(2), 12.06B(2), the ALJ found Edwards had moderate difficulties, and noted that "[w]hile [Edwards] reported that he had difficulty getting along with others, he also reported that he resided with friends." Id. The ALJ then proceeded to the third criteria-i.e. marked difficulties in maintaining concentration, persistence, or pace, see listings 12.04B(3), 12.06B(3), and found that Edwards had mild difficulties because "[Edwards] reported that he finished things he started sometimes, and was able to follow written instructions." Id. Finally, the ALJ addressed the last criteria-i.e. repeated episodes of decompensation, see listings 12.04B(4), 12.06B(4), and found Edwards "has not alleged a history of any such episodes, and no such episodes are documented in the medical evidence of record." Id. Based on these findings, the ALJ determined that Edwards did not meet the paragraph B criteria of listing 12.04 or 12.06. (R. 39).

The ALJ then addressed the paragraph C criteria10 of the listings and found that Edwards did not satisfy them because Edwards "has had no repeated episodes of decompensation noted in the evidence of record," "has not been diagnosed with any residual disease process that would cause decompensation with only minimal increases in mental demands," "has no history of requiring a highly supportive living environment, and has not displayed an inability to function outside of his home." Id. It is these findings regarding the paragraph B and C criteria of listings 12.04 and 12.06 that Edwards challenges.

To support his contention of alleged error, Edwards quotes portions of his testimony and summarizes portions of the medical evidence. Doc. 11-20. Although Edwards never explains how the cited evidence demonstrates that he meets a listing, his contention appears to be based on mental health source statements completed by his counselor, Mr. David Harvey, LCSW, (R. 418-20, 442-43), and a psychiatric evaluation performed by Dr. M. Elizabeth Lachman, M.D., (R. 437-40). In that regard, the court notes that Mr. Harvey completed a Medical Source Statement (MSS) on January 25, 2012, indicating Edwards has extreme restrictions in his daily activities and ability to maintain attention and concentration for extended periods, (R. 419), and also opined that Edwards "is unable to be gainfully employed," (R. 420). Because Mr. Harvey is not an acceptable medical source, see 20 C.F.R. § 416.913(a) (listing acceptable medical sources), his opinions are not medical source opinions. 20 C.F.R. § 404.927(a)(2). Nonetheless, evidence from sources such as Mr. Harvey may be used to show the severity of a claimant's impairment, 20 C.F.R. § 404.913(d), and the ALJ "generally should explain the weight given to opinions from these `other sources,' or otherwise ensure that the discussion of the evidence in the . . . decision allows a claimant or subsequent reviewer to follow the adjudicator's reasoning, when such opinions may have an effect on the outcome of the case." See SSR 06-03p at *6.

Here, consistent with SSR 06-03, the ALJ considered Mr. Harvey's opinions, and observed that "at no time in 2010 or 2011 did he note any such limitations," and that "[t]o the contrary, Mr. Harvey's treatment notes generally reported [Edwards] was doing well." (R. 45). Therefore, the ALJ rejected Mr. Harvey's opinions because "they are inconsistent with the findings and opinions of [Edwards'] treating physicians, the consultative examiner, and Mr. Harvey's underlying treatment notes." Id. After reviewing the record, the court finds that substantial evidence supports these findings. For example, as the ALJ correctly observed, after Edwards "began mental health treatment, his global assessment of functioning scores were consistently in the 60 and 7011 range after his amended alleged onset date (Exhibits 1F, 8F, and 13F)," and that Dr. June Nichols' consultative "psychological assessment of [Edwards] revealed [his] functioning was only mildly compromised by his mood disorder (Exhibit 4F)." (R. 45). Therefore, the ALJ did not err in rejecting Mr. Harvey's opinions because, even a treating physician's opinions, which are entitled to more deference than those of Mr. Harvey, may be rejected if the ALJ has "good cause." See Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1440 (11th Cir. 1997)(Good cause" exists when the evidence does not bolster the treating physician's opinion; a contrary finding is supported by the evidence; or the opinion is conclusory or inconsistent with the treating physician's own medical records.).

After the ALJ's decision, Edwards saw Dr. Lachman on April 16, 2012, on referral by Mr. Harvey. (R. 437-40). Mr. Harvey also completed another MSS on April 17, 2012. (R. 442-43). Because the Appeals Council made both of these reports a part of the record, this court must consider whether the reports "render[] the denial of benefits erroneous." Ingram v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 496 F.3d 1253, 1262 (11th Cir. 2007). The court finds that they do not, in part, because Mr. Harvey's statement is cumulative of his earlier MSS. As he did previously, Mr. Harvey once again indicates Edwards has marked and extreme limitations, and provides no narrative explanation. (R. 442-43). As such, Mr. Harvey's subsequent MSS does not undermine the ALJ's decision to reject Mr. Harvey's earlier opinions, or show that the ALJ erred in finding Edwards did not meet a listing.

Similarly, although Dr. Lachman's report indicates Edwards has "a marked, severe and sometimes extreme degree of impairment in all areas related to occupational functioning," (R. 439), it does not render the ALJ's denial of benefits erroneous because her opinions are inconsistent with Edwards' mental health treatment notes prior to the date of the ALJ's decision as discussed above. It is also significant that there are no treatment notes in the record from Dr. Lachman prior to her April 2012 evaluation, and that her report does not indicate she had treated Edwards previously. Moreover, Dr. Lachman does not state that her opinions relate to Edwards' condition prior to the time of the ALJ's decision. Therefore, Edwards has not shown that Dr. Lachman's report is chronologically relevant and accordingly, it does not render the ALJ's finding that Edwards does not meet a listing erroneous.

In short, based on the record before this court, the ALJ reasonably found based on substantial evidence that Edwards does not meet a listing. Moreover, the new evidence considered by the Appeals Council does not render that finding erroneous. Accordingly, because this court does not reweigh the evidence, there is no reversible error in the ALJ's finding, and the Appeals Council did not err in failing to review his case.

E. The ALJ's Credibility Finding

Edwards next contends that the ALJ failed to state adequate reasons for discrediting his testimony.12 Doc. 11 at 22-25. In considering Edwards' subjective symptoms, the ALJ first found that Edwards' "medically determinable impairments could reasonably be expected to cause [his] alleged symptoms," (R. 43), and, therefore, that Edwards met the requirements of the pain standard in this circuit. See Section III, supra. However, the ALJ found Edwards' allegations of disabling symptoms were not fully credible. Id. It is this determination that Edwards challenges, and in light of his appeal, this court must review the ALJ's finding to determine if it is supported by substantial evidence.

In considering Edwards' testimony, the ALJ systematically discussed the factors relevant to his credibility finding. First, in accordance with the regulations,13 the ALJ found that "[t]he conflict between [Edwards'] testimony and the medical evidence of record undermines his credibility." (R. 43-44). In making this determination, the ALJ noted that while Edwards "reported to Disability Determination Services on February 1, 2010 that he did not use any drugs or alcohol on a daily basis," and "testified that he abstained from substance use or abuse since 2010," the record showed that "he tested positive for marijuana and Propoxyphene on March 8, 2010," that he "was injured in a fight and fall . . . while intoxicated on May 5, 2010," and that "[o]n June 4, 2010, urinalysis revealed the [Edwards] was positive for Benzodiazepines, cocaine, and THC." (R. 43). The ALJ also found that Edwards' allegations "that he was unable to lift, squat, bend, stand, reach, walk, kneel, climb stairs, see, or use his hands," were inconsistent with the notes of his treating physician, Dr. Tariq, who "consistently noted no physical abnormalities," and with Dr. Matic's physical consultative examination, which "revealed [Edwards] had a full range of motion in the cervical and lumbar spine, full range of motion in all joints, good dexterity in both upper extremities, no swelling or skin lesions, and no gait abnormalities," and that Edwards "could squat and rise, and had 20/30 vision in the left eye." (R. 44). These inconsistencies cited by the ALJ show that the ALJ's finding that "[t]he disparity between [Edwards'] allegations and the objective medical findings further undermines his credibility," id., is reasonable and supported by the substantial evidence.

Next, in assessing Edwards' alleged mental symptoms, the ALJ noted that Edwards' "low global assessment of functioning score in 2009 was attributable to his opiate dependence and improved over time," and that "[a]fter [Edwards] began mental health treatment, his global assessment of functioning scores were consistently in the 60 and 70 range after his amended alleged onset date." Id. The ALJ also observed that "Dr. Nichols' psychological assessment . . . revealed [Edwards'] functioning was only mildly compromised by his mood disorder." Id. Based on these inconsistencies, the ALJ reasonably concluded that Edwards' mental illness was exacerbated by his drug and alcohol abuse," and that he had "no more than mild to moderate limitations when abstinent." Id.

Ultimately, based on this record, Edwards has failed to show that the ALJ erred in failing to credit his testimony of disabling physical and mental symptoms. To the contrary, the ALJ articulated specific reasons for discounting Edwards' testimony of disabling symptoms — all of which are supported by substantial evidence. Moreover, even though the ALJ did not credit Edwards' testimony of disabling symptoms, he recognized that Edwards had some limitations as reflected in his RFC for a reduced range of light work, which also excluded a work environment with a large number of employees or supervisors, or involving work with large crowds. (R. 38-39, 44). Therefore, based on this record, the court finds that substantial evidence supports the ALJ's determination that these restrictions account for Edwards' symptoms. Accordingly, because this court does not reweigh the evidence, there is no reversible error in the ALJ's credibility finding.

VI. Conclusion

Based on the foregoing, the court concludes that the ALJ's determination that Edwards is not disabled is supported by substantial evidence, and that the ALJ applied proper legal standards in reaching this determination. Therefore, the Commissioner's final decision is AFFIRMED. A separate order in accordance with the memorandum of decision will be entered.