SHARON LOVELACE BLACKBURN, Senior District Judge.
The magistrate judge filed a report and recommendation on June 10, 2015, recommending that the defendants' motion for summary judgment on the plaintiff's claims against them in their official capacities for monetary relief be granted. (Doc. 24). The magistrate judge further recommended that the defendants' motion for summary judgment on the plaintiff's Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment excessive force and failure to protect claims be denied. (Id.). Lastly, the magistrate judge recommended that the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment be denied. (Id.). The parties were allowed fourteen (14) days in which to file written objections to the magistrate judge's recommendations. (Id.). On July 6, 2015, the defendants filed objections to the magistrate judge's report and recommendation. (Doc. 27).
In their objections, the defendants argue that the plaintiff failed to comply with the magistrate judge's order advising him that he may not rely on his pleadings but must come forward with counter-affidavits and/or documents in opposition to the defendants' motion for summary judgment. (Doc. 27 at 1-2). The defendants contend that the plaintiff, instead, relied solely on the allegations in his pleadings and the magistrate judge erroneously used such allegations to determine there was a dispute of material fact.
The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals has expressly instructed lower courts to credit "specific facts" pled in a plaintiff's sworn complaint when considering the plaintiff's opposition to summary judgment. Caldwell v. Warden, FCI Talladega, 748 F.3d 1090, 1098 (11th Cir. 2014) ("We also credit the `specific facts' pled in plaintiff Caldwell's sworn complaint when considering his opposition to summary judgment.") (citing Perry v. Thompson, 786 F.2d 1093, 1095 (11th Cir. 1986) ("Plaintiff alleged specific facts in his sworn complaint and they were required to be considered in their sworn form.")); Moulds v. Bullard, 345 F. App'x 387, 391 (11th Cir. 2009) ("[S]pecific facts pled in a sworn complaint must be considered in opposition to summary judgment.") (citing Perry, 786 F.2d at 1095); Shaw v. Cowart, 300 F. App'x 640, 645 (11th Cir. 2008) ("Facts alleged by the plaintiff in a sworn pleading" must be considered in opposition to summary judgment)). However, sworn statements must be made on personal knowledge, and statements based in part upon information and belief cannot raise a genuine issue of fact. Pace v. Capobianco, 283 F.3d 1275, 1278 (11th Cir. 2002).
The plaintiff's amended complaint is signed and dated by him and states that it is made under penalty of perjury. (Doc. 7 at 4). Therefore, the plaintiff's amended complaint complies with 28 U.S.C. § 1746 and thus constitutes an unsworn declaration under penalty of perjury that may be considered as evidence for purposes of summary judgment.
Next, the defendants argue that the magistrate judge's report and recommendation "seems to ignore the
The extent of injury suffered is only one factor to determining whether the force used was unreasonable. See Saunders v. Duke, 766 F.3d 1262, 1270 (11th Cir. 2014) (applying same rationale to Fourth Amendment excessive force case as used in actions brought under Eighth Amendment where an individual who is gratuitously beaten by officers does not lose his ability to pursue an excessive force claim merely because he does not suffer serious injury). Moreover, a plaintiff claiming excessive force under the Fourth Amendment can seek nominal damages if he does not have compensable injuries. Id. The defendants' objections to the magistrate judge's report and recommendation on the basis that the plaintiff did not suffer a serious injury is
A genuine dispute of material fact exists concerning "the need for the application of force, . . . the relationship between the need and amount of force used, and . . . the extent of the injury inflicted," Lee v. Ferraro, 284 F.3d 1188, 1198 (11th Cir. 2002), concerning Defendants Leon, Scott, Sanders, and Watts's alleged use of force against the plaintiff during his arrest on November 8, 2011. Similarly, a genuine dispute of material fact exists whether Defendant Hughes used unnecessary or excessive force against the plaintiff while in the booking area's holding cell in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Having carefully reviewed and considered de novo all the materials in the court file, including the report and recommendation and the objections thereto, the court is of the opinion that the magistrate judge's report is due to be and is hereby
Additionally, the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment is
Defendants Leon, Scott, Sanders, Watts, and Hughes are hereby
On June 22, 2015, the United States Supreme Court decided in Kingsley v. Hendrickson, et al. that a pretrial detainee proceeding under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 must show that the force used was objectively unreasonable rather than maliciously or sadistically under the Eighth Amendment. 2015 WL 2473447, ___, S. Ct. ___, at * 5-9 (2015). However, this does not change the outcome of the plaintiff's excessive force claim against Defendant Hughes. The plaintiff contends that while he was being booked into the Jail, Defendant Hughes struck him in the head twice, threw him on the concrete and tile floor, causing the plaintiff to strike his head on the floor and knock him unconscious. (Doc. 7 at 5-6). Next, the plaintiff claims Defendant Hughes dragged him out of the holding cell and out of the camera's range. (Id.). The plaintiff alleges he sustained "lacerations" to his back. (Doc. 7 at 6). Viewing the facts in a light most favorable to the plaintiff, there is no indication of a need for any force against the plaintiff and Defendant Hughes's actions were unprovoked and unnecessary and, therefore, objectively unreasonable. On the other hand, Defendant Hughes maintains that he was not even at the Jail at the time of the alleged assault. (Doc. 14-8, Hughes Aff. ¶ 6). Therefore, there is a genuine dispute of material fact which the court cannot reconcile on a motion for summary judgment.