KRISTI K. DuBOSE, District Judge.
This matter came before the Court on June 18, 2013 for a preliminary injunction hearing as to "Plaintiffs' Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief" (Doc. 1); and Plaintiffs' Motion to Amend the Complaint (Docs. 14, 15) and Defendants' Response (Doc. 20).
This litigation stems from a dispute between the Mobile County Commission ("MCC"), County Commissioner Connie Hudson ("Hudson"), County Commissioner Merceria Ludgood ("Ludgood"), Nancy Johnson ("Johnson"), Administrator John Pafenback ("Pafenback"), and a Mobile, Alabama non-profit corporation named SouthBark, Inc. ("SouthBark") (formed to rescue from euthanization animals from shelters for eventual foster or adoption) and SouthBark's President Emily Thompson ("Thompson")
In the early part of 2011, an e-mail from a SouthBark Volunteer was sent to the Mobile County Director of General Services Donna Jones, and Defendant Johnson, expressing concern that animals in MCAS were viewed as a danger to the public rather than as adoptable pets. The email indicated that SouthBark would continue to keep the public informed about MCAS. The email also complained about the high rate of euthanasia in MCAS and the lack of a spay and neuter program. The email stated that SouthBark "doesn't intend to slow down [its] efforts at MCAS, or stop letting the public know when we have had an animal fall through the cracks on our watch."
Shortly thereafter, SouthBark was notified that one of SouthBark's volunteers had threatened a shelter staff member via e-mail and as such, the county employees decided that SouthBark should have a six (6) month cooling off period. After three or four months, MCAS permitted SouthBark to resume rescuing animals. SouthBark officers and/or volunteers continued to make postings on its Facebook page which were critical of the MCAS's euthanization policies and listed by name and picture dogs slated for euathansia, although Feller testified that these postings were "less hostile" than before the ban.
In approximately July 2012, SouthBark VP Feller had a meeting, along with other members of the animal rescue community. to discuss MCAS with Defendant Hudson. At this meeting, questions were raised about the staff's ability to handle questions regarding animal availability for adoption, lack of staff training and intervention strategies for dogs slated for euthanasia. SouthBark also made suggestions for improvements of the MCAS facility. Feller felt that the meeting was productive.
In August 2012, SouthBark received a letter from Pafenback, advising SouthBark would no longer be able to participate in acquiring dogs from the MCAS which stated: "[p]lease be advised that because of repeated incidents disruptive of Shelter operations by SouthBARK and/or its officers and members, the Mobile County Animal Shelter will no longer honor your authorization that they represent Illinois Animal Rescue in acquiring dogs from the Shelter." (Doc. 1-1 at 37). SouthBark inquired of the reason for the ban and was told by defendant Johnson that the reason for not allowing SouthBark to participate in facilitating adoptions of animals at the MCAS was the "same" as the prior year. Feller alleges that other reasons have also been given for the ban. In spite of the ban, Feller testified that SouthBark continues to rescue animals from MCAS through other rescue organizations.
On April 12, 2013, SouthBark initiated this lawsuit against Defendants MCC, two Commissioners and two employees of the county. In so doing, SouthBark claims to have been prohibited from participating in rescuing animals from the MCAS because its officers and volunteers have been critical of Mobile County's handling of animals in the MCAS. The Plaintiffs assert two types of claims of alleged federal claims: retaliation by the county and county employees based on SouthBark and its officers exercising their free speech rights, and defamation. Plaintiffs also assert state law claims of violation of free speech, defamation and negligence.
The issue currently before the Court is whether the plaintiffs are entitled to a preliminary injunction which: 1) enjoins the Defendants from barring SouthBark from participating in rescuing animals from the county's shelter and 2) enjoins the Defendants from euthanizing any further animals pending completion of this case.
A preliminary injunction is an extraordinary remedy available in equity. To be eligible for preliminary injunctive relief under Rule 65 of the
Here, Plaintiffs fail to carry the burden as to irreparable harm. As the Supreme Court stated in
At the hearing, Feller alleged that SouthBark had been harmed by the ban in their efforts at fundraising. Clearly this type of harm is compensable by a money award and thus does not constitute irreparable harm. Feller also testified that SouthBark has been harmed because the prohibition from fostering and/or adopting animals from MCAS
Plaintiffs also contend that they suffered a direct penalization (removal from the ranks of organizations which defendants' permitted to rescue animals) as a result of First Amendment free speech comments made by SouthBark's volunteers, and that this constitutes irreparable harm. In other words, the ban from adopting animals has resulted in chilling SouthBark's speech.
In order to sustain a free speech claim, and thus a presumption of irreparable harm, the plaintiffs must show that the exercise of free speech has resulted in an adverse action. The Eleventh Circuit has adopted an objective test for determining if an individual has suffered an "adverse action" as a result of exercising First Amendment rights. In
In applying this test
Additionally, a preliminary injunction is appropriate to grant relief only of "the same character as that which may be finally granted."
Plaintiffs seek to enjoin all further "unnecessary euthanization, where the animals are otherwise healthy, do not represent an imminent threat to others, and where there is a willing, able, suitable adoptee, rescuing organization, or foster parent waiting in the wings to provide a home." (Doc. 7 at 7). In other words the plaintiffs would have this court review and revise the policies of the Mobile County Commission as they relate to the activities of the MCAS. This is not relief that the court could afford even if plaintiffs' free speech or defamation claims succeeded. Moreover, even if this relief was possible the court must consider that:
Accordingly, it is