WILLIAM H. STEELE, District Judge.
This matter comes before the Court on plaintiff's Motion to Remand (doc. 11). The Motion has been briefed and is now ripe.
Plaintiff, Joseph Ward, filed this products liability action against Boston Scientific Corporation and various fictitious defendants in Mobile County Circuit Court on August 31, 2018. Ward's claims relate to a stent that Boston Scientific purportedly designed, manufactured, and distributed. According to the well-pleaded factual allegations of the Complaint, a Boston Scientific stent was surgically implanted in Ward's heart in 2009. (Doc. 1, ¶¶ 2, 7.) The Complaint further alleges that Ward suffered a heart attack in January 2017 because that stent failed, necessitating that he undergo surgery to have a new stent implanted. (Id., ¶ 8.) On that basis, plaintiff brings purely state-law claims against Boston Scientific, on the following theories: (i) negligence/gross negligence/wantonness (Boston Scientific negligently and wantonly developed, designed, manufactured and sold a defective stent); (ii) products liability under the AEMLD (the stent was defective and unreasonably dangerous when it left Boston Scientific's control); and (iii) breach of express and implied warranty (stent was unmerchantable, unfit for its ordinary purposes, and was constructed in a manner that rendered it unreasonably dangerous). The Complaint does not purport to assert any federal claims or causes of action against Boston Scientific; rather, Ward's claims sound exclusively in Alabama law.
The Complaint does not enumerate the amount of damages Ward seeks. In the ad damnum clause for each cause of action, plaintif simply demands judgment "in an amount of compensatory and punitive damages that exceeds the jurisdictional limits of" the Alabama circuit court. (Doc. 1-1, at 5, 6, 8.)
On October 9, 2018, Boston Scientific filed a Notice of Removal (doc. 1) removing this action to this District Court. In so doing, defendant predicates federal subject matter jurisdiction on the diversity provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1332. To establish complete diversity of citizenship, Boston Scientific relies on the Complaint's allegations showing that Ward is a citizen of Alabama and that Boston Scientific is incorporated in and has its principal place of business in Massachusetts, rendering it a citizen of Massachusetts for diversity purposes. (Doc. 1-1, ¶¶ 2-3.)
"For federal diversity jurisdiction to attach, all parties must be completely diverse . . . and the amount in controversy must exceed $75,000." Underwriters at Lloyd's, London v. Osting-Schwinn, 613 F.3d 1079, 1085 (11th Cir. 2010) (citations omitted). As the party invoking federal jurisdiction, Boston Scientific bears the burden of satisfying the requirements of § 1332, including the requisite amount in controversy, by a preponderance of the evidence. See Dudley v. Eli Lilly and Co., 778 F.3d 909, 913 (11
In removing this action to federal court, Boston Scientific relies on the former approach by maintaining that it is facially apparent from the allegations of Ward's Complaint that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. Defendant observes that, while the Complaint does not quantify the damages sought, it alleges that "Plaintiff had a heart attack because the Stent failed" and that he underwent a surgical procedure in January 2017 for implantation of a new stent. (Doc. 1-1, ¶ 8.) The Complaint further alleges that because of Boston Scientific's wrongful conduct concerning the stent, Ward "has sustained and will continue to sustain severe and debilitating injuries, serious bodily injury, mental and physical pain and suffering and has incurred economic loss." (Id., ¶ 17.) Plaintiff demands compensatory and punitive damages.
Taken at face value, Ward's claims are that Boston Scientific's negligent, reckless, and malicious conduct in designing, manufacturing and marketing a defective stent caused him to suffer cardiac arrest and undergo an interventional procedure to have a new stent implanted. Ward further claims that he sustained "severe and debilitating injuries" resulting from Boston Scientific's wrongdoing, including "serious bodily injury" and pain and suffering. The Court agrees with defendant that it is facially apparent from these allegations (and the accompanying demand for compensatory and punitive damages) that the amount in controversy exceeds the jurisdictional threshold. Where, as here, a plaintiff claims that a corporate defendant's recklessness and negligence in designing and distributing a defective medical device subjected him to a life-threatening medical emergency and necessitated surgery to replace that product, and where that plaintiff claims to have sustained severe and debilitating injuries for which he seeks compensatory and punitive damages, logic, common sense and judicial experience all lead inexorably to the conclusion that the amount in controversy more likely than not exceeds $75,000. See, e.g., Roe, 613 F.3d at 1064 ("when a district court can determine, relying on its judicial experience and common sense, that a claim satisfies the amount-in-controversy requirements, it need not give credence to a plaintiff's representation that the value of the claim is indeterminate"). After all, "[t]he law does not demand perfect knowledge or depend any less on reasonable inferences and deductions than we all do in everyday life." Pretka, 608 F.3d at 754. To be sure, the $75,000 threshold cannot be deemed satisfied through mere "conjecture, speculation, or star gazing." Id. But the Eleventh Circuit has explained that "viewing facts through the lens of common sense is not star gazing," and has emphasized that district courts need not "suspend reality or shelve common sense" in evaluating whether a pleading establishes the jurisdictional amount on its face. Id. at 770; see also Roe, 613 F.3d at 1062 (confirming that "courts may use their judicial experience and common sense in determining whether the case stated in a complaint meets federal jurisdictional requirements"). The factual allegations in Ward's Complaint show that Ward seeks to recover for serious injuries and invasive medical procedures occasioned by Boston Scientific's allegedly tortious conduct in selling him a bad stent. Viewed through the lens of judicial experience and common sense, these allegations readily establish that the amount in controversy more likely than not exceeds the jurisdictional minimum under 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Nothing more is required of the removing defendant to shoulder its burden on this element. See, e.g., South Florida Wellness, Inc. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 745 F.3d 1312, 1317 (11
Ward offers several arguments to the contrary in support of his Motion to Remand; however, none are persuasive. First, plaintiff contends that because Boston's Scientific's position is that all of his claims are preempted by the Medical Device Amendment to the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, "the amount in controversy was zero on the date Plaintiff filed his Complaint." (Doc. 11, at 1-2.) This argument fails as a matter of law. Whether Boston Scientific has a meritorious defense to Ward's claims is of no consequence for purposes of assessing the amount in controversy. It is well settled that "the pertinent question at the jurisdictional stage is what is in controversy in the case, not how much the plaintiffs are ultimately likely to recover." South Florida Wellness, 745 F.3d at 1318 (citations and internal parentheses omitted).
Second, Ward advances a conclusory assertion that "Defendant cannot otherwise meet its burden of proof that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000." (Doc. 11, at 5.) As discussed above, however, the Court is not obligated to cast aside its common sense and judicial experience in evaluating the amount reasonably in controversy in an indeterminate-damages complaint. Plaintiff offers neither argument nor authority for the proposition that his claims to recover compensatory and punitive damages for a defective product that he says caused him to suffer cardiac arrest, undergo surgical intervention, and otherwise endure severe and debilitating bodily injury, pain and suffering are more likely than not valued below $75,000. Given the nature and severity of the injuries identified in Ward's Complaint, the Court remains of the opinion that, in accordance with the principles and guidance issued by the Eleventh Circuit, it is facially apparent from such Complaint that the amount in controversy exceeds the jurisdictional minimum.
Third, at the conclusion of his Reply, Ward announces for the first time that "Plaintiff will gladly settle this case right now for the sum of $70,000, which should conclusively show that the amount in controversy does not exceed $75,000." (Doc. 17, at 4.) This post-removal revelation is unilluminating. As an initial matter, Ward never disclaims any intent to request or accept more than $75,000 at trial. See, e.g., Wallace v. Kentucky Fried Chicken, 2008 WL 4531773, *6 n.13 (S.D. Ala. Oct. 9, 2008) (for amount-in-controversy purposes, "courts in the Eleventh Circuit credit representations of counsel that their clients
For all of the foregoing reasons, the Court finds that the amount in controversy at the time of removal more likely than not exceeded the $75,000 threshold, such that federal diversity jurisdiction is properly invoked pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Plaintiff's Motion to Remand (doc. 11) is
DONE and ORDERED.