ORDER

FREDERICK J. MARTONE, District Judge.

We have before us defendant's motion to vacate, set aside or correct sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (doc. 1), defendant's memorandum in support (doc. 2), respondent's response (doc. 16), respondent's notice of supplemental authority (doc. 19), defendant's reply (doc. 22), the Report and Recommendation of the United States Magistrate Judge ("R&R") recommending denial of defendant's motion (doc. 23), the government's objections (doc. 24), and defendant's objections (doc. 31).

Defendant was convicted on April 20, 2004 of conspiracy, wire fraud, mail fraud, interstate transportation of stolen property, and money laundering. He now asserts that his convictions for conspiracy and wire fraud are contrary to Skilling v. United States, 130 S.Ct. 2896 (2010) and that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel.

I

"A § 2255 movant procedurally defaults his claims by not raising them on direct appeal and not showing cause and prejudice or actual innocence in response to the default." United States v. Ratigan, 351 F.3d 957, 962 (9th Cir. 2003). "[T]o obtain collateral relief based on trial errors to which no contemporaneous objection was made, a convicted defendant must show both (1) `cause' excusing his double procedural default, and (2) `actual prejudice' resulting from the errors of which he complains." United States v. Frady, 456 U.S. 152, 167-68, 102 S.Ct. 1584, 1594 (1982). "Cause" requires a showing of "some objective factor" which impeded compliance with a procedural rule, such as "a showing that the factual or legal basis for a claim was not reasonably available to counsel." Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478, 488, 106 S.Ct. 2639, 2645 (1986). Prejudice requires "showing, not merely that the errors at his trial created a possibility of prejudice, but that they worked to his actual and substantial disadvantage, infecting his entire trial with error of constitutional dimensions." Frady, 456 U.S. at 170, 102 S. Ct. at 1596. There is a narrow exception to the cause and prejudice requirement "where a constitutional violation has probably resulted in the conviction of one who is actually innocent." Murray, 477 U.S. at 496, 106 S. Ct. at 2649. Actual innocence is established if a petitioner demonstrates that it is more likely than not that no reasonable juror would have convicted him, or he was convicted for conduct not prohibited by law. Alaimalo v. United States, 645 F.3d 1042, 1047 (9th Cir. 2011).

II

Defendant's first claim is that his conviction is contrary to Skilling v. United States, 130 S.Ct. 2896 (2010). In Skilling, the United States Supreme Court narrowed the meaning of honest services fraud under 18 U.S.C. § 1346 to encompass only bribery or kickback schemes. Id. at 2930-31. Respondent contends that defendant procedurally defaulted his convictions for honest services fraud because he did not raise a legal challenge similar to that raised in Skilling. Even assuming defendant has shown cause for failing to raise a legal claim similar to that of Skilling during his trial or on direct appeal, he has not shown prejudice or actual innocence. The conduct underlying his conviction, taking kickbacks, is still a valid theory of honest services fraud after Skilling. See Skilling, 130 S. Ct. at 2931 ("§ 1346 criminalizes only the bribe-and-kickback core of the pre-McNally case law."). As a result, he is not entitled to relief on the merits of a Skilling claim.

Defendant contends that the jury could have convicted him based on an interpretation of § 1346 which violates the holding of Skilling. The harmless error standard applies when a jury may have convicted on a legally invalid theory and a defendant challenges jury instructions in a § 2255 action. Skilling, 130 S. Ct. at 2934; United States v. Montalvo, 331 F.3d 1052, 1058 (9th Cir. 2003). An error is harmless unless it "had substantial and injurious effect or influence in determining the jury's verdict." Hedgpeth v. Pulido, 555 U.S. 57, 58, 129 S.Ct. 530, 531 (2008) (quoting Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619, 623, 113 S.Ct. 1710, 1714 (1993)).

As the magistrate judge noted, "the government established Movant's guilt by participation in a bribery kickback scheme involving money and property, a theory of guilt clearly preserved in Skilling." Report and Recommendation at 19. The jury was instructed on a valid theory of guilt and sufficient evidence was presented to sustain a conviction. We conclude that the challenged instruction was harmless.

III

Defendant alleges that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel at his trial. To be entitled to relief on this ground, defendant must show that his counsel's performance was deficient and that this deficiency prejudiced his defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064 (1984). Deficiency is established by showing that "counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. . . . under prevailing professional norms." Id. at 688, 104 S. Ct. at 2064-65. To establish prejudice, a "defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different." Id. at 694, 104 S. Ct. at 2068. "Review of counsel's performance is highly deferential and there is a strong presumption that counsel's conduct fell within the wide range of reasonable representation." United States v. Ferreira-Alameda, 815 F.2d 1251, 1253 (9th Cir. 1986).

The basis for this claim is counsel's alleged failure to review all documents underlying the Burnison Report before trial.1 Defendant pursued this theory in his motion for new trial and his direct appeal. "Issues disposed of on a previous direct appeal are not reviewable in a subsequent § 2255 proceeding." United States v. Currie, 589 F.2d 993, 995 (9th Cir. 1979).

Defendant also claims that counsel failed to effectively cross-examine the report's author, Mr. Burnison. At an evidentiary hearing on his motion for new trial, defense witness David Hagstrom (a Boeing employee previously supervised by defendant) testified that there were legitimate reasons why the zero line items went out at no charge. Defendant argued that Hagstrom's investigation of the report undermined its credibility and his counsel was deficient by not going through the Burnison report and supporting documentation before trial. However, defendant fails to establish that any prejudice resulted from his counsel's actions. The trial court concluded that the documents, "with possibly three minor exceptions in more than a hundred instances, fully supported the Burnison Report." (Doc. 17, tab 5 at 112). Defendant is not entitled to relief on this claim.

IV

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED accepting the recommendation of the magistrate judge (doc. 23) and DENYING the motion for relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (doc. 1).