DOUGLAS L. RAYES, District Judge.
Before the Court are Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, (Doc. 47), and Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment, (Doc. 50). The motions are fully briefed.
Plaintiff Robert Poage began working for Defendant Computer Sciences Corporation ("CSC") as an Account Executive in November 2004. (Doc. 63 at 4.) He eventually became an Account General Manager, responsible for client relations with a large automotive company, and served in this role until the end of his employment. (Id.) As a salesperson, Poage's compensation was governed by CSC's Sales Incentive Compensation Plan ("SICP"), which "establishe[d] the performance expectations and associated incentive compensation terms for Sales, Pre-Sales and Coverage professionals who have been selected to participate . . . in the CSC Sales Incentive Compensation Plan. . . ." (Doc. 66 at 3.) If the employee met his quota for the fiscal year, he received an incentive payment based on a fixed scale. (Id. at 7.) Under the SICP, employees are only eligible to receive their bonus if they "remain a CSC employee until payments are made[.]" (Doc. 63 at 4.)
On August 22, 2013, CSC sent an email to all of its employees detailing a new compensation incentive opportunity: the Million Dollar Challenge ("MDC"). (Doc. 48, ¶ 6.) The MDC provided that employees "who achieve $1M in FY14 revenue above the full-year forecast" would receive $15,000 for the first $1 million of incremental revenue and an additional 1.5% of every additional $1 of revenue above the initial $1 million. (Doc. 48-1 at 13.) The MDC further stated that the "[i]ncentive will be calculated and paid at end of FY14." (Id.) The end of CSC's fiscal year 2014 was March 28, 2014. (Doc. 48, ¶ 12.)
Poage participated in the MDC and allegedly "performed additional sales tasks beyond his normal duties and achieved $17 million worth of new incremental revenue for the fiscal year 2014." (Id., ¶ 19.) Under the terms of the MDC, he was to receive approximately $250,000 for his efforts, payable on March 28, 2014. (Id., ¶¶ 20, 22.) However, on April 4, 2014, CSC informed Poage that he had two options: either voluntarily resign or be terminated. (Id., ¶ 2.) That same day, Poage submitted his resignation, effective April 18, 2014. (Id., ¶ 3.) Poage did not receive his MDC incentive in his last paycheck. (Id., ¶ 5.) On May 30, 2014, Poage received his separate SICP bonus even though he had not been with CSC for over a month. (Doc. 52-1 at 24.) For several months, Poage emailed CSC inquiring when he would receive his MDC payment. (Doc. 48, ¶ 23.)
In September 2014, Poage contacted CSC Executive Vice President and General Counsel William Deckelman, who notified Poage that he would not receive the MDC payment because he was not employed on the payment date, a condition required under the SICP. (Id., ¶¶ 26-27.) CSC made MDC payments to employees that same month, including a payment to one employee, Mike Hardesty, who retired from CSC before the payments were made. (Id., ¶¶ 37-38; Doc. 63 at 22.)
On November 26, 2014, Poage filed suit against CSC alleging four counts: (1) breach of contract, (2) breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, (3) violation of A.R.S. § 23-350, and (4) promissory estoppel. (Doc. 1.) On April 15, 2015, Poage voluntarily dismissed count two. (Doc. 23.) Poage now moves for summary judgment on count one, (Doc. 47), and CSC moves for summary judgment on all three remaining counts, (Doc. 50).
Summary judgment is appropriate when, viewing the facts in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party, "there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). Summary judgment may also be entered "against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial." Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986). The party seeking summary judgment "bears the initial responsibility of informing the district court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those portions of [the record] which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact." Id. at 323. The burden then shifts to the non-movant to establish the existence of a material fact. Id. at 324. The non-movant "must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts," and instead must "come forward with `specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.'" Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586-87 (1986) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) (1963)). A dispute about a fact is "genuine" if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). When presented with cross-motions for summary judgment, "the court must consider each party's evidence, regardless under which motion the evidence is offered." Las Vegas Sands, LLC v. Nehme, 632 F.3d 526, 532 (9th Cir. 2011).
Under Arizona law, "in an action based on breach of contract, the plaintiff has the burden of proving the existence of a contract, breach of the contract, and resulting damages." Chartone, Inc. v. Bernini, 83 P.3d 1103, 1111 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2004). Poage argues that the MDC is a valid contract and that CSC breached it by failing to pay him his incentive payment. CSC argues this claim fails because: (1) under the SICP, Poage is ineligible to receive the payment because he was not a CSC employee at the time the MDC payments were made; and (2) the MDC is not a separate contract. Both parties move for summary judgment on this count.
CSC argues the MDC is not a valid contract because it did not include the required contract terms and it lacks consideration. (Doc. 50 at 10-12.) The Court disagrees.
In its entirety, the MDC email provides:
(Doc. 48-1 at 12-13.)
By its terms, the MDC email constitutes an offer for a unilateral contract. See Restatement (First) of Contracts § 12 ("A unilateral contract is one in which no promisor receives a promise as consideration for his promise."). "For an enforceable contract to exist, there must be an offer, an acceptance, consideration, and sufficient specification of terms so that the obligations involved can be ascertained." Rogus v. Lords, 804 P.2d 133, 135 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1991). "The requirement of certainty is relevant to the ultimate element of contract formation, i.e., whether the parties manifested assent or intent to be bound." Id.
"An offer is a manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain, so made as to justify another person in understanding that his assent to that bargain is invited and will conclude it." K-Line Builders, Inc. v. First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 677 P.2d 1317, 1320 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1983). CSC does not dispute that the MDC email sent out to employees is an offer. It clearly manifested a willingness to enter into a bargain by sending out the email and inviting employees to participate.
Acceptance is "a manifestation of assent to the terms thereof made by the offeree in a manner invited or required by the offer." Id. Here, it is undisputed that Poage accepted the offer by generating approximately $17 million in additional revenue above his normal forecast.
"Consideration is a benefit to the promisor or a loss or detriment to the promisee, and there is no consideration for a promise where no benefit is conferred on the promisor or a detriment suffered by the promisee." Id. CSC appears to argue that no consideration exists because Poage simply performed the same work he performed on a day-to-day basis. In other words, he had a pre-existing duty to generate sales revenue. (Doc. 62 at 11.) But the MDC was an incentive to go above the normal full-year sales forecast, and there is no dispute that Poage did just that. The MDC requires no more. CSC received the benefit of this additional $17 million in revenue, and this is adequate consideration to support a contract.
CSC argues that several terms of the MDC are not sufficiently specific to form a contract, including: (1) administrative matters, definitional terms, corporate policies, how payments are calculated, timing of payments, and taxes. (Id. at 10.)
CSC also argues Poage was not eligible for payment under the MDC because he was not employed on the date of payment. CSC asserts the language of the SICP should be incorporated into the MDC because the SICP applies to all incentive programs. CSC essentially seeks to add a condition precedent to payment under the MDC. But the MDC contains no such term. There is no reference to the SICP, nor does the MDC incorporate any other corporate policies or provisions, and the Court will not look outside the four corners of the MDC.
In sum, the MDC is a valid separate contract between Poage and MDC. CSC manifested a clear intent to offer additional compensation for employees who generated revenue beyond their normal forecasts. Poage accepted the contract by earning $17 million in additional sales revenue for CSC, and the MDC contained all of the necessary terms in order to establish the rights and obligations of the parties. Pyeatte, 661 P.2d at 200. Poage is entitled to compensation for his performance.
CSC does not dispute that it failed to pay Poage his MDC incentive payment. Nor does CSC dispute that Poage has suffered damages in the amount of approximately $250,000. These elements are satisfied. Accordingly, Poage is entitled to summary judgment on count one, breach of contract.
Because Poage has prevailed on his breach of contract claim, his promissory estoppel claim is moot. With respect to Poage's claim under the Arizona Wage Law, A.R.S. § 23-355, CSC argues that Poage cannot establish that CSC had a policy or practice of paying ex-employees their MDC bonuses after termination from CSC. There is evidence that Poage received his SIPC bonus after he left CSC and that at least one other ex-employee received his MDC incentive after leaving CSC. (Doc. 48, ¶¶ 37-38; Doc. 63 at 22.) Consequently, evidence exists which creates a question of fact about CSC's practices of paying monies under both the MDC and SICP after termination. CSC has not met its burden under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a), and the claim survives.