USCA1 Opinion
[NOT FOR PUBLICATION]
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT
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No. 97-1796
LEEVONN CLOUD,
Plaintiff, Appellant,
v.
COMMUNITY WORKS, ET AL.,
Defendants, Appellees.
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APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
[Hon. Nancy J. Gertner, U.S. District Judge]
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Before
Torruella, Chief Judge,
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Stahl and Lynch, Circuit Judges.
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Leevonn Cloud on brief pro se.
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Judith Malone, Joseph F. Hardcastle and Palmer & Dodge LLP on
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brief for appellees.
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FEBRUARY 25, 1998
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Per Curiam. Plaintiff-appellant Leevonn Cloud
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appeals pro se from the dismissal of his amended complaint
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for failure to state a claim of race discrimination under 42
U.S.C. 1981. We affirm in part, vacate in part, and remand
for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
The instant complaint recounts events surrounding
Cloud's termination from employment as a campaign manager for
Community Works. As amended, the complaint alleges
violations of 42 U.S.C. 1981 against Community Works; its
Board of Directors; Patricia Williams, its former Executive
Director; Frances Froehlich, its former Interim Executive
Director; Robert Paret, a member of the Board of Directors;
and eleven other individual members of the Board. In
addition, the amended complaint alleges various claims under
state law. The district court dismissed the 1981 claim
under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), and it declined jurisdiction
over the state claims, see 28 U.S.C. 1367(c)(3).1
1
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1In the district court, several of the defendants argued
1
that the complaint should be dismissed as to them on the
alternative ground that they were never properly served.
Defendants do not renew this argument on appeal, and,
although the district court's order of dismissal is arguably
ambiguous, we construe the dismissal as based solely on Rule
12(b)(6). We note that Cloud is proceeding in forma pauperis
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and that courts have sometimes found "good cause" where the
failure to effect proper service is attributable to the
United States Marshal. See, e.g., Dumaguin v. Secretary of
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Health & Human Servs., 28 F.3d 1218, 1221 (D.C. Cir. 1994).
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However, on remand the district court is free to revisit the
issue whether a failure to effect service is grounds for
dismissal as to one or more of the defendants.
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We review de novo the dismissal of a complaint for
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failure to state a claim. Aulson v. Blanchard, 83 F.3d 1, 3
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(1st Cir. 1996). We accept the factual allegations in the
complaint as true and indulge all reasonable inferences in
the plaintiff's favor. Id. Contrary to appellees'
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suggestion, civil rights claims are not subject to a
heightened pleading requirement. Moreover, as a pro se
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plaintiff, Cloud is entitled to have his complaint "liberally
construed." Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976).
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Even given this generous standard, we are persuaded
that Cloud has failed to state a claim of race discrimination
against the bulk of the defendants. However, we reinstate
his claim of discriminatory termination against Williams,
Paret, and Community Works. In some unspecified period,
Williams allegedly suggested that Cloud not attend a fund-
raising dance because she felt that he would not fit in with
the white, "New Age" people in attendance. Paret allegedly
questioned Cloud's ability to conduct himself properly in a
room full of white people, especially white men. We infer
from allegations in the complaint that both Williams and
Paret were involved in the decision to terminate Cloud. We
think that these allegations are sufficient to survive a
motion under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).2
2
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2We have considered the comments alleged to have been made
2
by Froehlich, but are not persuaded that they support an
inference of race discrimination.
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Our decision foreshadows nothing about the outcome
of this case should the pleadings be tested in a prompt
summary judgment motion; we hold only that dismissal of the
1981 claim cannot be upheld as to all defendants under Rule
12(b)(6). Cloud has not specifically requested that we
reinstate his supplemental state law claims, and defendants
suggest that he is now pursuing them in state court. On
remand, Cloud is free to ask the district court, in its
discretion, to exercise supplemental jurisdiction. We
express no opinion as to the merits of his state law claims.
Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded for
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further proceedings.
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