Filed: Sep. 22, 2003
Latest Update: Feb. 21, 2020
Summary: Defendants, Appellants.David O. Brink with whom Richard D. King, Jr., Nathan A., Tilden and Smith & Brink, P.C.misled the jury into holding them liable under non-RICO theories.specificity to preserve them for plenary appellate review);this case.principal argument.
Not for Publication in West's Federal Reporter
Citation Limited Pursuant to 1st Cir. Loc. R. 32.3
United States Court of Appeals
For the First Circuit
No. 02-1977
METROPOLITAN PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY,
Plaintiff, Appellee,
v.
ANDREA LENTZ, MICHAEL LENTZ, JOHN R. LENTZ,
INDIVIDUALLY, d/b/a L&L COLLISIONS,
Defendants, Appellants.
APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
[Hon. Douglas P. Woodlock, U.S. District Judge]
Before
Boudin, Chief Judge,
Torruella and Howard, Circuit Judges.
David O. Brink with whom Richard D. King, Jr., Nathan A.
Tilden and Smith & Brink, P.C. were on brief, for appellee.
Bruce T. Macdonald for appellants.
September 22, 2003
Per Curiam. Defendants Andrea, Michael, and John R.
Lentz, individually and d/b/a L&L Collisions, appeal civil
judgments entered upon jury verdicts concluding that they
participated in an automobile insurance fraud scheme which damaged
plaintiff Metropolitan Property & Casualty Company and violated,
inter alia, the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
("RICO") Act. See 18 U.S.C. ยงยง 1962, 1964. Defendants argue that,
due to a nearly complete absence of evidence that the United States
mails were used in furtherance of the scheme, there was
insufficient evidence from which the jury could have found the
predicate acts of mail fraud -- the theory under which the RICO
claim went to the jury -- and, derivatively, insufficient evidence
from which the jury could have found that the alleged acts of mail
fraud constituted a "pattern" of racketeering activity.1
Proceeding on the assumption that their principal appellate
argument is meritorious, defendants further contend that the
evidence relevant to the RICO counts (which defendants say the jury
never should have heard) was so prejudicial that it might well have
misled the jury into holding them liable under non-RICO theories.
Our review of the record reveals that defendants did not
1
Defendants also hint at other theories why there was
insufficient evidence to support the jury's "pattern" finding, but
those theories fail because, in addition to being only minimally
developed on appeal, they were not presented with sufficient
specificity to the district court before the jury was discharged.
See infra.
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present either their principal appellate argument, or the "pattern"
argument which is largely built from it, see n.1, above, to the
district court with sufficient specificity to have made their
position on the matter understood until after the jury verdicts
were returned. We will not disturb a lower court's judgment on the
basis of an argument raised so late in the game unless the argument
persuades us that, among other things, a miscarriage of justice has
occurred. See Davignon v. Clemmey,
322 F.3d 1, 13 (1st Cir. 2003)
(argument first presented in a post-verdict Fed. R. Civ. P. 50
motion is forfeited); Blockel v. J.C. Penney Co., Inc.,
337 F.3d
17, 25 (1st Cir. 2003) (sufficiency arguments must be made with
specificity to preserve them for plenary appellate review); Rivera-
Torres v. Ortiz Velez,
2003 WL 22006239, at *14 (1st Cir. Aug. 26,
2003) ("claims forfeit[ed] through ignorance or neglect" are
subject to plain error review, which permits error correction in
civil cases only when the error "resulted in a miscarriage of
justice or seriously affected the fairness, integrity, or public
reputation of judicial proceedings") (citations and internal
quotation marks omitted). There was no miscarriage of justice in
this case. Rather than demonstrating or strongly suggesting that
no mailings took place in furtherance of the scheme, the record is
merely ambiguous about which documents were mailed and which were
hand delivered. An ambiguity of this sort does not call into
question the fundamental fairness of the trial. To vacate or
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reverse the judgments on the basis of an issue that only came into
focus after the jury was discharged could encourage sandbagging in
future cases with little in the way of present benefits.
Defendants' remaining appellate argument regarding
prejudicial spillover depends upon our agreeing with their
principal argument. Because we have rejected defendants' principal
argument, we reject defendants' remaining argument without further
discussion.
Affirmed.
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