Filed: Sep. 03, 2003
Latest Update: Feb. 22, 2020
Summary: , 3, Sinai states that the mistake occurred when the MCAD intake, officer preparing the charge confused the address of the Bell, Atlantic Mobile retail store with Bell Atlantic Corporation's main, office in Boston, which is on Harrison Street.On July 8, 2002, VNE moved for summary judgment.
Not For Publication in West's Federal Reporter
Citation Limited Pursuant to 1st Cir. Loc. R. 32.3
United States Court of Appeals
For the First Circuit
No. 02-2661
HERTZL SINAI,
Plaintiff, Appellant,
v.
VERIZON NEW ENGLAND, INC.,
Defendant, Appellee.
APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
[Hon. Nancy Gertner, U.S. District Judge]
Before
Howard, Circuit Judge,
Bownes and R. Arnold,* Senior Circuit Judges.
Philip R. Olenick for appellant.
Arthur G. Telegen, with whom Alicia Alonso Matos and Foley
Hoag, LLP were on brief, for appellee.
September 3, 2003
*Of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit,
sitting by designation.
Per Curiam. Plaintiff-appellant Hertzl Sinai brought an
employment discrimination action against Verizon New England, Inc.
("VNE"), and now appeals the district court's award of summary
judgment to VNE. We affirm.
Sinai is a Jewish-American citizen, born in 1947, who
immigrated from Israel and walks with a cane. Sinai, who has a
background in communications systems and sales, has been applying
for jobs with various telephone companies since 1975. After
prevailing in an employment discrimination claim for failure to
hire against New England Telephone and Telegraph Company ("NET")
more than a decade ago, see Sinai v. New Eng. Tel. & Tel. Co.,
3
F.3d 471 (1st Cir. 1993)("Sinai I"), Sinai has submitted numerous
employment applications to NET's successors-in-interest and their
subsidiaries whenever he saw a job advertised. None has resulted
in an employment offer.
In June 1997, Sinai applied for a sales position at a
Bell Atlantic Mobile store in the Kingston Mall in Kingston,
Massachusetts. A year passed without a response from Bell Atlantic
Mobile. In June 1998, Sinai returned to the store to renew his
application and was granted an interview. During the interview,
the interviewer allegedly told Sinai that he "sounded Middle
Eastern" and asked him, "Are you Arab?" with "an unpleasant
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expression on his face."1 Sinai was not given the job and, on July
2, 1998, he filed charges alleging national origin, religion, and
age discrimination with the Massachusetts Commission Against
Discrimination ("MCAD") and the Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission ("EEOC").
Both administrative complaints named "Bell Atlantic" as
the respondent. At the time, Bell Atlantic Mobile was a wholly
owned subsidiary of Bell Atlantic Corporation,2 but the MCAD charge
did not specify which corporation Sinai intended to sue. The
address on the MCAD charge, "8 Harrison Street, Kingston MA,
02364," did not resolve the matter because there is no Harrison
Street in Kingston.3 Although Sinai amended the MCAD charge twice,
once in December 1998, and again in July 2001, he did not amend the
address. To further confuse matters, in June 2000, a merger
between GTE Corporation and Bell Atlantic Corporation resulted in
a number of name changes: Bell Atlantic Mobile became Verizon
1
These allegations are remarkably similar to those made in
Sinai's previous, and successful, discrimination action. See Sinai
I, 3 F.3d at 473.
2
NET was at the time also a wholly owned subsidiary of Bell
Atlantic Corporation.
3
Sinai states that the mistake occurred when the MCAD intake
officer preparing the charge confused the address of the Bell
Atlantic Mobile retail store with Bell Atlantic Corporation's main
office in Boston, which is on Harrison Street.
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Wireless,4 NET became VNE, and both became wholly owned
subsidiaries of Verizon Communications, Inc. The merger changed
the names of these entities but not their organizational
structures; at all points before and after the merger, Bell
Atlantic Mobile (now Verizon Wireless) and VNE were wholly owned
subsidiaries of a common parent company.5 On May 29, 2001, almost
three years after the original filing, the MCAD charge was served
on VNE.
On June 29, 2001, Sinai filed this lawsuit, naming VNE as
the sole defendant. In addition to the events described above, the
complaint sought relief for other incidents, not covered in the
administrative complaints, in which VNE refused to hire Sinai.
Specifically, Sinai complained that, between 1999 and 2001, he had
repeatedly applied to VNE for employment for which he was
qualified, without success, and that a VNE employee had once
falsely told him there were no job openings.
Sinai amended his complaint on July 9, 2001, and again on
April 22, 2002. The second amended complaint, which followed an
order by the district court to provide a more definite statement,
stated claims under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. §
2000e et seq.; the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"), 42
4
Verizon Wireless is a joint venture consisting of Bell
Atlantic Mobile, GTE Wireless, and other parties.
5
After the merger, the parent company previously known as Bell
Atlantic Corporation was renamed Verizon Communications, Inc.
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U.S.C. § 12111, et seq.; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
("ADEA"), 29 U.S.C. § 623; and Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 151B. The
second amended complaint also added as defendants Bell Atlantic
Mobile, Verizon Yellow Pages, Verizon Wireless Services, and
Verizon Communications (collectively, the "Bell/Verizon
defendants").
On July 8, 2002, VNE moved for summary judgment. On
November 19, 2002, the district court granted VNE's motion,
reasoning that VNE was not the proper defendant to the allegations
presented in the administrative complaints and that the additional
claims against VNE had not been exhausted administratively. The
district court also dismissed without prejudice the claims against
the remaining Bell/Verizon defendants for failure to timely serve
them with process. Sinai does not challenge the dismissal of the
Bell/Verizon defendants.
On appeal, Sinai first argues that the district court
improperly treated Bell Atlantic Mobile/Verizon Wireless ("Bell
Atlantic Mobile") and VNE as distinct jural entities. He contends
that, under binding First Circuit precedent, Bell Atlantic Mobile
and VNE (and, indeed, all divisions of the telephone company)
should not be differentiated from one another. Alternatively, he
asserts that his second amended complaint expressly alleged that
the various corporations were commonly controlled and/or controlled
each other; that VNE had failed to provide him with discovery
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pertinent to this allegation; and that the court's award of summary
judgment despite his having brought VNE's recalcitrance to the
court's attention was legal error.
Sinai's "circuit-precedent" contention is built entirely
from the fact that, in Sinai I, Sinai apparently prevailed against
sister companies NET and NYNEX Information Resources Company
("NIRC") despite the fact that only NIRC failed to hire him. In
Sinai's view, this litigation fact establishes that he can now
similarly prevail against VNE, which has the same corporate parent
as the corporate entity that failed to hire him. This view of the
law is specious; the issue simply did not come up in Sinai I. The
relevant and dispositive fact is that there is no record evidence
that would justify treating VNE and Bell Atlantic Mobile (in either
their pre- or post-merger forms) interchangeably or as a unified
entity.
Sinai's alternative suggestion, that the district court
erred in grounding its ruling on the absence of such evidence
because VNE failed to provide him with relevant discovery, fails
because Sinai did little more than assert (in his opposition to
VNE's motions for summary judgment and to stay discovery) that VNE
should have provided him with unspecified documentary evidence
regarding "the internal workings of Verizon's operating companies."
Id. at 8. To forestall a motion for summary judgment on the ground
that additional discovery is needed, a party must, inter alia, make
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"a proffer which, at a bare minimum, articulates a plausible basis
for the [party's] belief that previously undisclosed or
undocumented facts exist, that those facts can be secured by
further discovery, and that, if obtained, there is some credible
prospect that the new evidence will create a trialworthy issue."
Massachusetts Sch. of Law at Andover, Inc. v. Am. Bar Ass'n,
142
F.3d 26, 44 (1st Cir. 1998) (explaining the requirements for relief
under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(f)) (citations omitted). Sinai made no
effort to comply with this requirement, and the district court
acted well within its discretion, see
id., in proceeding to the
merits of VNE's motion.
Sinai next contends that the claims against VNE in his
second amended complaint were sufficiently related to the claims
set forth in the administrative complaints to not require separate
presentment to an administrative agency. As a general matter, the
scope of an employment discrimination action is not strictly
limited to those acts and incidents described in the administrative
complaint. We have previously held that a judicial complaint may
"encompass discrete acts of retaliation reasonably related and
growing out of the discrimination complained of to the agency."
Clockedile v. N.H. Dep't of Corr.,
245 F.3d 1, 6 (1st Cir. 2001).
But even if we assume arguendo that a discrete, non-retaliatory act
such as a failure to hire may be the subject of a lawsuit despite
plaintiff's failure to amend his administrative charge or file a
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new charge, Sinai's claims of discrimination against VNE are not
reasonably related to, nor do they grow out of, the claims against
Bell Atlantic Mobile described in the administrative complaints.
Sinai's administrative complaints detailed acts by Bell
Atlantic Mobile, but did not once mention VNE. Moreover, Sinai
amended the charge in July 2001, but at no point referred to VNE's
alleged discriminatory acts occurring between 1999 and 2001. There
is no reason to believe that the alleged acts of VNE "grew out of"
or were in any way related to the acts described in the
administrative complaints, which occurred years earlier at another
company. We therefore agree with the district court that the
claims against VNE are "entirely different" from the claims set
forth in the administrative charges against Bell Atlantic Mobile.
Sinai's third argument is that the district court
improperly held him responsible for the error in the MCAD charge
listing the respondent's address as "8 Harrison Street" in
Kingston. On the contrary, the district court placed no blame on
either party for the error. Indeed, the address error had no
bearing on the entry of summary judgment in favor of VNE. The
argument thus lacks relevance.
Finally, Sinai asserts that the district court improperly
ruled on VNE's summary judgment motion without a hearing. Although
Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) provides that a summary judgment motion
"shall be served at least ten days before the time fixed for the
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hearing," this language does not, of course, require oral argument
in connection with every such motion. Delgado-Biaggi v. Air
Transp. Local 501,
112 F.3d 565, 567 & n.4 (1st Cir. 1997).
Parties may be "heard" on the basis of the pleadings filed.
Id.
Sinai gives us no reason to believe that this matter was unsuitable
for hearing and resolution on the pleadings.
Affirmed.
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