FILED
                                                               United States Court of Appeals
                                                                       Tenth Circuit

                                                                      March 18, 2008
                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                                                   Elisabeth A. Shumaker
                                 TENTH CIRCUIT                         Clerk of Court



 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

               Plaintiff-Appellee,                        No. 07-3158
          v.                                            District of Kansas
 DANIEL JOSEPH MEINDL,                         (D.C. No. 99-CR-40075-01-SAC)

               Defendant-Appellant.


                           ORDER AND JUDGMENT *


Before BRISCOE, McKAY and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges.


      Daniel Joseph Meindl, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals from

the district court’s denial of his petition for a nunc pro tunc order to correct errors

in the court’s record. Mr. Meindl argues that his sentence has been erroneously

recorded because it does not reflect credit for time served prior to the

commencement of his federal sentence. Asserting that this failure is the result of


      *
        After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination
of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10 th Cir. R. 34.1(G). This case is
therefore submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not
binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and
collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent
with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10 th Cir. R. 32.1.
a clerical error, Mr. Meindl urged the district court to correct it and to order the

Bureau of Prisons to credit his sentence for 26 months served on state charges

prior to federal sentencing. The district court denied Mr. Meindl’s petition.

Because appellant proceeds pro se, we construe his petition liberally. Ledbetter

v. City of Topeka, Kan., 

, 1187 (10th Cir. 2003). Nevertheless,

because the record indicates that no clerical error was committed, we affirm the

denial of Mr. Meindl’s petition.

      In February 2001, appellant pled guilty to three counts of manufacture of

methamphetamine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), and was sentenced to

120 months of imprisonment on each count, with the sentences to run

concurrently. He also pled guilty to one count of possession of a firearm during a

drug trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c)(1) and (2), for which

he was sentenced to 60 months of imprisonment, to run consecutively to the other

sentences. At sentencing, Mr. Meindl requested that he be given credit for time

served since his arrest on March 4, 1999, prior to the commencement of his

federal sentence. Tr. of Sentencing at 6-7. He also requested that these sentences

be made to run concurrently with undischarged terms of imprisonment on related

state charges. 

judge granted the request for the sentences to

run concurrently with the state sentences. 

for time served,

however, the judge stated that “the authority to decide whether a defendant is

entitled to credit for time spent in custody awaiting disposition rests with the

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Bureau of Prisons.” 

Lacking the power to order the credit, the judge

stated that he would recommend that credit be granted. 

correct that a district court has jurisdiction to correct its own

clerical errors. In civil proceedings, this Court has recognized that a nunc pro

tunc order can be a valid exercise of a court’s “inherent power to correct errors in

the record[]. . . so as to make them speak the truth by actually reflecting that

which was in fact done.” Blankenship v. Royalty Holding Co., 

, 79

(10th Cir. 1953). The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure also provide for

correction of clerical errors: “[a]fter giving any notice it considers appropriate,

the court may at any time correct a clerical error in a judgment, order, or other

part of the record, or correct an error in the record arising from oversight or

omission.” Fed. R. Crim. P. 36.

      However, this Court has overturned a nunc pro tunc order, similar to the

one sought by appellant here, on the ground that “[a] district court does not have

inherent power to resentence defendants at any time.” United States v. Blackwell,

, 949 (10th Cir. 1996) (quoting United States v. Lewis, 

,

750 (9th Cir. 1988)). In Blackwell, the district court modified the defendant’s

sentence from a term of imprisonment to a term of probation in order to correct a

disparity between the defendant’s sentence and the sentence imposed on a co-

conspirator. 

The district court characterized this modification as an

exercise of its “inherent jurisdiction” to correct its record to prevent injustice. 

reversing this decision, we noted that the limits placed on sentencing courts by

the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure do not permit substantive modifications

to a defendant’s sentence. 

We made clear that traditional clerical

errors may be modified under Rule 36, but that substantive modifications to a

sentence may be made only in limited circumstances pursuant to Rule 35 or under

other specific statutory grants of authority. 

      Mr. Meindl asserts that he is requesting correction of a clerical error, not a

substantive modification to his sentence. We cannot agree. The written judgment

is clear, and bereft of any clerical errors. The sentencing judge agreed to allow

the federal sentences to run concurrently with Mr. Meindl’s remaining state

sentences, and to recommend that credit be granted for time served. Tr. of

Sentencing at 6-7. The written judgment clearly contains these terms, stating that

“[t]his sentence of imprisonment runs concurrently with any other undischarged

term of imprisonment,” and that “[t]he defendant is given credit for the time

already served in this case.” Judgment at 2.

      Arguably, the written judgment exceeds the sentencing court’s authority.

The grant of credit for time served is phrased as an order instead of a

recommendation, and is located in the order along with the terms of imprisonment

instead of in a section of the judgment devoted to “recommendations to the

Bureau of Prisons.” 

these matters are entrusted to the discretion of

the Bureau of Prisons. One could conclude that the judgment reflects the district

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court’s intent to order the Bureau of Prisons to grant this credit. On the other

hand, the district court correctly noted during the sentencing hearing that the

Bureau of Prisons, not the district court, has discretion to determine the credit to

be given for time served. Tr. of Sentencing at 6; see United States v. Wilson, 

, 334 (1992) (Ҥ3585(b) does not authorize a district court to compute the

credit [for time served] at sentencing.”). As best we can tell, the Bureau has

interpreted the written judgment in this case as a recommendation, as the district

court apparently intended and as the law requires. If the written judgment was in

error, the error was not clerical. In any event, it is hard so see how the defendant

was harmed if the court’s recommendation (which is in his favor) was articulated

more forcefully than it should have been.

      In addition to evaluating Mr. Meindl’s petition for a nunc pro tunc order,

the district court indicated that improper execution of a sentence must be

challenged via a petition for habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. To the extent

that petitioner was challenging the authority of the Bureau of Prisons and its

execution of his sentence, the district court concluded that this petition would fail

under § 2241 because Mr. Meindl has not demonstrated that he has exhausted his

administrative remedies. See United States v. Jenkins, 

, 1144 (10th

Cir. 1994) (“Defendant must bring his request for sentence credit to the Bureau of

Prisons in the first instances and thereafter seek judicial review of the Bureau’s

determination.”). While we express no opinion regarding the requirements for

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Mr. Meindl to prevail under § 2241 after he exhausts his administrative remedies,

we do agree with the district court’s dismissal of this petition without prejudice to

petitioner filing such an action.

      The judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Kansas

is AFFIRMED.

                                                     ENTERED FOR THE COURT,


                                                     Michael W. McConnell
                                                     Circuit Judge




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