BALDOCK, Circuit Judge.
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), a convicted felon may not possess a firearm. Meanwhile, the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) mandates a 15-year minimum term of imprisonment for "a person who violates section 922(g) . . . and has three previous convictions . . . for a . . . serious drug offense . . . committed on occasions different from one another." Id. § 924(e)(1). Defendant Antonio de los Santos pled guilty to the offense of being a felon in possession of firearms in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). Before sentencing, the Government filed notice of its intent to seek an enhanced sentence under the ACCA based on Defendant's four prior convictions for serious drug offenses. These included one conviction for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute on or about November 10, 1992, and three convictions for distribution of cocaine occurring on or about November 2, 1992, November 16, 1992, and November 24, 1992. Defendant objected, arguing that each of these convictions arose from a single criminal episode and thus should be treated as a single conviction for purposes of § 924(e)(1). The district court orally overruled Defendant's objection to the Government's ACCA notice and sentenced him accordingly. The district court concluded the offenses involved were sufficiently separate and distinct. Specifically,
On appeal, Defendant does not challenge whether his convictions qualify as "serious drug offenses" under the ACCA. Rather, he challenges only whether the four convictions were "committed on occasions different from one another." We review a sentence enhancement imposed under the ACCA de novo. United States v. Johnson, 130 F.3d 1420, 1430 (10th Cir. 1997). "The government carries the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that an enhancement is appropriate." Id.
Congress' use of the phrase "committed on occasions different from one another" "was intended to reach multiple criminal episodes distinct in time." United States v. Tisdale, 921 F.2d 1095, 1098-99 (10th Cir.1990). We interpreted that phrase in Johnson, 130 F.3d at 1430, where a defendant objected to the Government's use of certain convictions on the ground that the offenses "were part of the same course of conduct or common scheme or plan." In that case, the defendant had committed controlled substances offenses in Wichita Falls, Texas, on March 23, March 26, and August 26, 1993. Id. We held that where a defendant commits drug offenses at "distinct, different times," we will treat those offenses "as separate predicate offenses for purposes of § 924(e)(1)." Id. at 1431.
Defendant contends this case is distinguishable from Johnson because, unlike the defendant in Johnson, Defendant was not on a street selling cocaine to anyone who approached him. Defendant posits the drug offenses in this case were not only committed close in time, but also tied together legally and factually by a sting operation that anticipated each of the acts occurring after the initial purchase on November 2, 1992.
We disagree. Defendant's criminal conduct in 1992 was not a single criminal episode. The Fourth Circuit addressed a similar argument in United States v. Letterlough, 63 F.3d 332 (4th Cir.1995). In that case, the defendant sold a single dose of crack cocaine to an undercover police officer at 8:35 p.m. Id. at 334. At 10:15 p.m. that same evening, the defendant sold another single dose of crack cocaine at the same location to the same police officer. Id. The court stated the two drug sales, "although perhaps occurring pursuant to a master plan to sell crack cocaine as a business venture, can hardly be said to constitute a single occasion." Id. at 337. The court further stated the time between the two purchases allowed the defendant "the opportunity to make a conscious and knowing decision to engage in another drug sale." Id.
The Letterlough court likewise stated the law enforcement officer's decision not to arrest the defendant after the first sale did not prevent the court from concluding the drug sales were separate occasions. Id. Like the defendant in Letterlough, Defendant in this case "would like to assign some culpability for the [subsequent] sale[s] to the undercover officer who purchased the drugs." Id. Defendant argues because the undercover officer was introduced to Defendant during the initial purchase, the additional sales would not have occurred had the introduction and sale not taken place. Because of this introduction, law enforcement continued to operate a sting that anticipated additional purchases of cocaine. Regardless, the responsibility for the crime "falls squarely" on Defendant. Id.; see also United States v. Roach, 958 F.2d 679, 683-84 (6th Cir. 1992) (concluding two drug sales made to the same undercover agent over a span of 15 days were not a single criminal episode). We agree with the Fourth Circuit that disregarding additional criminal conduct merely because the government allowed Defendant to engage in that conduct "would force officers to arrest all evildoers as soon as they see a crime committed; [which] would destroy large scale police `sting' operations and undercover infiltrations." Id. In between each of the drug offenses, Defendant had a meaningful opportunity to cease his illegal conduct.