Thomas Lynn Cramer, a Florida prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the district court's dismissal of his § 2254 petition as time-barred. Cramer filed his petition after the effective date of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 ("AEDPA"), Pub.L. No. 104-32, 110 Stat. 1214 (1996), and, therefore, the provisions of that act govern this appeal. At issue in this appeal is whether the time during which Cramer could have sought an appeal of the denial of his Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.800 motion tolled the limitations period. We conclude that the time tolled even if Cramer did not seek appellate review, as the claim remained pending under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d) until the time to file an appeal expired. Accordingly, we reverse and remand with instructions to reinstate the petition.

Cramer was convicted of multiple counts of robbery on August 31, 1999. His conviction was affirmed on March 14, 2000. On July 16, 2000,1 Cramer filed a motion to correct sentence under Fla. R.Crim. P. ("Rule") 3.800(a). The motion was denied on November 30, 2000. Cramer did not file an appeal. Cramer then filed a motion for post-conviction relief under Rule 3.850 on April 12, 2001. The motion was granted in part and denied in part on May 14, 2003. Cramer appealed the denial, and the state appeals court affirmed the decision on January 27, 2004. Cramer filed a petition for discretionary review with the state supreme court on February 25, 2004, which was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction on March 16, 2004. On October 8, 2004, Cramer filed the instant § 2254 petition.

The state moved to dismiss on the ground that the petition was untimely under the AEDPA's one-year limitations period because a total of 373 days had elapsed between the time in which the limitations period began to run and the time Cramer filed the instant petition.2

Cramer replied that the state failed to toll the time during which he could have appealed the denial of his Rule 3.800 motion, even though he had not filed an appeal, making the time elapsed a total of 343 days.3

The district court dismissed the petition as time-barred. Calculating the days, the court found that 34 days elapsed between the time the conviction became final on June 12, 2000, and when Cramer filed his Rule 3.800 motion. The time tolled until the motion was denied on November 30, 2000, and then 133 days elapsed until Cramer filed his Rule 3.850 motion. The time then tolled until the motion was denied on March 16, 2004. Thus, a total of 167 days had expired, and Cramer had 198 days — or until September 30, 2004 — to file a timely federal habeas petition. Cramer's petition, filed in October, was therefore untimely under the district court's calculations.

We granted a certificate of appealability ("COA") on the following issue:

Whether the district court erred by finding that appellant's 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition was time-barred where the court failed to toll the one-year limitations period for the time during which appellant could have appealed the trial court's order denying his Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.800(a) motion, see Jones v. Nagle, 349 F.3d 1305, 1307-08 (11th Cir.2003)?

We review de novo a district court's determination that a habeas petition is time-barred. Nix v. Sec'y, Dep't of Corr., 393 F.3d 1235, 1236 (11th Cir.2004).

The AEDPA requires a state prisoner seeking a federal habeas corpus remedy to file his federal petition within one year of the "conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review." 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1)(A). However, under the AEDPA, "[t]he time during which a properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim is pending shall not be counted toward any period of limitation under this subsection." 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2); Carey v. Saffold, 536 U.S. 214, 217, 122 S. Ct. 2134, 2136, 153 L. Ed. 2d 260 (2002); Jones, 349 F.3d at 1307.

We have yet to address whether the time in which a petitioner could file an appeal from the denial of a motion for post-conviction relief would toll the limitations period if the petitioner does not, in fact, file an appeal.4 The resolution of this issue depends on whether the claim is pending if no appeal is filed.

The Supreme Court has interpreted the word "pending" to "cover the time between a lower state court's decision and the filing of a notice of appeal to a higher state court." Carey, 536 U.S. at 217, 122 S. Ct. 2134; Jones, 349 F.3d at 1307-08. "[U]ntil the application has achieved final resolution through the State's post-conviction procedures, by definition it remains `pending.'" Carey, 536 U.S. at 220, 122 S. Ct. 2134. As the Supreme Court has explained, a claim is "pending" during "the period between (1) the lower court's adverse determination, and (2) the prisoner's filing of a notice of appeal, provided that the filing of the notice of appeal is timely under state law." Evans v. Chavis, ___ U.S. ___, 126 S. Ct. 846, 849, 163 L. Ed. 2d 684 (2006) (emphasis and citation omitted). Nothing in the caselaw dictates that the appeal must be taken for the claim to remain pending. Moreover, logic dictates that the claim is pending regardless of whether the inmate actually files the notice of appeal. "Pending" refers to the continuation of the process, or the time until the process is completed. Carey, 536 U.S. at 219-20, 122 S. Ct. 2134; Wade v. Battle, 379 F.3d 1254, 1262 (11th Cir.2004). The process is not complete until there is no other avenue the prisoner could pursue. Thus, the claim remains pending until the time to seek review expires.5 See id. III. Conclusion

Therefore, because an appeal is part of the state collateral review process, and a claim remains pending until the completion of the process, the district court erred by concluding that the time in which Cramer could have filed an appeal from the denial of his motion to correct sentence did not toll the statute of limitations. Accordingly, we REVERSE and REMAND with instructions to reinstate the petition.