Filed: Jan. 05, 2011
Latest Update: Feb. 21, 2020
Summary: [PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED _ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ELEVENTH CIRCUIT JANUARY 5, 2011 No. 09-16304 JOHN LEY _ CLERK D. C. Docket No. 07-60051-CR-WJZ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus KENNETH RUFF, Defendant-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida _ Before DUBINA, Chief Judge, BLACK and FAY, Circuit Judges. BLACK, Circuit Judge: Kenneth Ruff appeals his 228-month total sen
Summary: [PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED _ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ELEVENTH CIRCUIT JANUARY 5, 2011 No. 09-16304 JOHN LEY _ CLERK D. C. Docket No. 07-60051-CR-WJZ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus KENNETH RUFF, Defendant-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida _ Before DUBINA, Chief Judge, BLACK and FAY, Circuit Judges. BLACK, Circuit Judge: Kenneth Ruff appeals his 228-month total sent..
More
[PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
JANUARY 5, 2011
No. 09-16304
JOHN LEY
________________________
CLERK
D. C. Docket No. 07-60051-CR-WJZ
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
KENNETH RUFF,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
_________________________
Before DUBINA, Chief Judge, BLACK and FAY, Circuit Judges.
BLACK, Circuit Judge:
Kenneth Ruff appeals his 228-month total sentence, imposed after he pled
guilty to various firearm and drug offenses. The Government asserts Ruff should
not be able to appeal his sentence because in connection with his guilty plea, Ruff
signed an appeal waiver in which he agreed to waive his rights, conferred by 18
U.S.C. § 3742, to appeal any sentence imposed unless the sentence (1) exceeded
the statutory maximum, or (2) was the result of an upward departure from the
Guidelines range established by the district court at sentencing. After review, we
conclude Ruff’s appeal waiver was knowing and voluntary, and his sentence is not
within either exception to the waiver. Ruff’s appeal is barred by the appeal waiver
and we dismiss his appeal.
I. DISCUSSION
A. Ruff’s appeal waiver was knowing and voluntary
Ruff signed his plea agreement which included an appeal waiver. Upon the
court’s inquiry at his plea colloquy, Ruff confirmed that (1) he understood that he
was giving up his right to appeal any sentence imposed by the court; (2) he had
discussed with his attorney the advantages and disadvantages of giving up his
right to appeal his sentence; (3) his attorney had answered all of his questions on
this matter; (4) he had not been forced to give up his statutory right to appeal;
(5) his attorney had explained the right to appeal to him; and (6) he wished to give
2
up his statutory right to appeal, subject to the terms and conditions contained in
the plea agreement. The record supports a determination that Ruff understood the
full significance of the appeal waiver, and he knowingly and voluntarily waived
his right to appeal, subject to the terms and conditions contained in the waiver.
See United States v. Benitez-Zapata, 131 F.3d 1444, 1446 (11th Cir. 1997)
(“Waiver will be enforced if the government demonstrates either: (1) the district
court specifically questioned the defendant about the waiver during the plea
colloquy, or (2) the record clearly shows that the defendant otherwise understood
the full significance of the waiver.”).
B. Ruff’s sentence does not fit within the exceptions contained in the waiver
The appeal waiver provides two exceptions that allow Ruff to pursue an
appeal–if his sentence (1) exceeded the statutory maximum, or (2) was the result
of an upward departure from the Guidelines range established by the district court
at sentencing.
1. Ruff’s sentence does not exceed the statutory maximum
Ruff asserts his sentence is an exception to the appeal waiver because it
exceeds the statutory maximum. Ruff pled guilty to possession with intent to
distribute cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) (Count Three); possession
with intent to distribute marijuana, in violation of § 841(a)(1) (Count Four);
3
possession of a firearm in relation to a drug trafficking crime, in violation of 18
U.S.C. § 924(c) (Count Five); and possession of firearms and ammunition by a
convicted felon, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) (Count Six). The statutory
maximum for Counts Three and Four is 20 years’ imprisonment. See 21 U.S.C.
§ 841(b)(1)(C). The statutory maximum for Count Five is life imprisonment. See
United States v. Pounds, 230 F.3d 1317, 1319 (11th Cir. 2000) (stating “every
conviction under § 924(c)(1)(a) carries with it a statutory maximum sentence of
life imprisonment”). Further, the statutory maximum for Count Six is life
imprisonment because Ruff was classified as an armed career criminal. See 18
U.S.C. § 924(e); United States v. Harrison,
558 F.3d 1280, 1282 n.1 (11th Cir.
2009) (“Although the [Armed Career Criminal Act] does not contain an express
maximum sentence, this Court has held that the ‘maximum sentence authorized
under § 924(e) is life imprisonment.’” (quoting United States v. Brame,
997 F.2d
1426, 1428 (11th Cir. 1993))).
Ruff was sentenced to 19 years’ imprisonment, which is below the statutory
maximum for all four counts of which he was convicted. Ruff’s sentence does not
fit into this exception to the appeal waiver.
4
2. Ruff’s sentence was not an upward departure from the Guidelines range
Ruff further contends his sentence was an upward departure from the
advisory Guidelines range. Ruff’s advisory Guidelines range, based on a total
offense level of 34 and a criminal history category of VI, was 262 to 327 months’
imprisonment. Ruff received a below-Guidelines sentence of 228 months’
imprisonment, consisting of 168 months’ imprisonment for Counts Three, Four
and Six, with a consecutive sentence of 60 months’ imprisonment for Count Five.
Ruff’s sentence was below the Guidelines range and was not the result of an
upward departure from the Guidelines range.
Ruff asserts we should look at the merits of his claim that the district court
erred by imposing consecutive mandatory sentences under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) and
18 U.S.C. § 924(e) in contravention of the text of the statute, as we did in another
appeal waiver case, United States v. Segarra, 582 F.3d 1269 (11th Cir. 2009).
We conclude Segarra1 does not apply because Ruff was given a below-Guidelines
1
In Segarra, the plea agreement permitted Segarra to appeal if the sentence imposed
exceeded the Guidelines range. Segarra contended he could appeal because his consecutive
sentences under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) and 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) resulted in an overall term of
imprisonment that exceeded the Guidelines range. The Segarra court thereafter permitted his
appeal and looked at the merits of his claim. Segarra, 582 F.3d at 1271-72.
5
sentence.2 Ruff’s sentence was not an upward departure from the Guidelines
range, and his sentence does not fit into this exception to the appeal waiver.
II. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Ruff knowingly and voluntarily waived his right to appeal.
His sentence is both below the statutory maximum and the advisory Guidelines
range. Accordingly, we dismiss this appeal as barred by Ruff’s appeal waiver.
DISMISSED.
2
Additionally, Ruff’s argument the district court erred by imposing consecutive
mandatory sentences under § 924(c) and § 924(e) is foreclosed by the Supreme Court’s decision
in Abbott v. United States, __ U.S. __, 131 S. Ct. 18, 31 (2010).
6
