Filed: Aug. 26, 2011
Latest Update: Feb. 22, 2020
Summary: [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED _ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ELEVENTH CIRCUIT No. 10-15638 AUG 26, 2011 JOHN LEY Non-Argument Calendar CLERK _ D.C. Docket No. 2:10-cr-00197-AKK-JEO-1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff-Appellee, versus ROTAVIUS LEMON MCCURDY, Defendant-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama _ (August 26, 2011) Before BARKETT, MARCUS and
Summary: [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED _ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ELEVENTH CIRCUIT No. 10-15638 AUG 26, 2011 JOHN LEY Non-Argument Calendar CLERK _ D.C. Docket No. 2:10-cr-00197-AKK-JEO-1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff-Appellee, versus ROTAVIUS LEMON MCCURDY, Defendant-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama _ (August 26, 2011) Before BARKETT, MARCUS and ..
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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED
________________________ U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
No. 10-15638 AUG 26, 2011
JOHN LEY
Non-Argument Calendar CLERK
________________________
D.C. Docket No. 2:10-cr-00197-AKK-JEO-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ROTAVIUS LEMON MCCURDY,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Alabama
________________________
(August 26, 2011)
Before BARKETT, MARCUS and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Rotavius Lemon McCurdy appeals his conviction for carrying a firearm
during and in relation to a drug trafficking offense, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §
924(c)(1)(A). On appeal, McCurdy argues that the evidence at trial was
insufficient to establish that he carried the firearm “in relation to” the underlying
drug offense. McCurdy stresses that he had applied for and received a concealed
weapons permit prior to purchasing the gun, and he carried the firearm for
protection because he had been robbed outside his own house and lived in a
crime-ridden neighborhood. He argues that the mere presence of a firearm,
without some other purpose, is insufficient to fulfill the “in relation to”
requirement of § 924(c)(1)(A).
We review de novo the sufficiency of the evidence, viewing the evidence in
the light most favorable to the government. United States v. Emmanuel,
565 F.3d
1324, 1333 (11th Cir. 2009), cert. denied,
130 S. Ct. 1032 (2009). Whether the
evidence is direct or only circumstantial, we will accept all reasonable inferences
that tend to support the government’s case. United States v. Williams,
390 F.3d
1319, 1324 (11th Cir. 2004). “A conviction must be upheld unless the jury could
not have found the defendant guilty under any reasonable construction of the
evidence.”
Emmanuel, 565 F.3d at 1333 (quotation omitted).
Section 924(c)(1)(A) requires the government to “demonstrate that the
defendant used or carried a firearm, during and in relation to a drug trafficking
crime.” United States v. Frye,
402 F.3d 1123, 1128 (11th Cir. 2005). “A
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defendant carries a firearm if it is carried directly on his person or carried in his
vehicle.”
Id. The phrase “in relation to” is meant expansively. Smith v. United
States,
508 U.S. 223, 237,
113 S. Ct. 2050, 2058 (1993).
We have stated that “to prove the ‘in relation to’ requirement, the
government must demonstrate that the firearm had some purpose or effect with
respect to the drug trafficking crime; its presence or involvement cannot be the
result of accident or coincidence.”
Frye, 402 F.3d at 1128 (quotation omitted).
The “gun at least must facilitate, or have the potential of facilitating, the drug
trafficking offense.” United States v. Timmons,
283 F.3d 1246, 1251 (11th Cir.
2002) (quotation omitted). We have held that “[n]either the defendant’s subjective
intention for the weapon nor the alleged inadvertency of its presence” bears on the
“in relation to” analysis. Tannenbaum v. United States,
148 F.3d 1262, 1264 (11th
Cir. 1998) (holding that in order to convict a defendant for carrying a firearm in
relation to a drug trafficking offense, it is necessary only to show that the
defendant was “knowingly” carrying a gun when the drug transaction occurred,
despite the defendant’s claim that the loaded weapon was inadvertently in his
waistband and he had no intention for the gun to be part of the drug transaction).
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the government, there is
sufficient evidence to show that McCurdy carried a firearm in relation to a drug
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trafficking offense. The evidence at trial demonstrated that McCurdy carried the
firearm while engaged in a drug transaction involving money and heroin; the
weapon was loaded and contained a round in the chamber; and the weapon was
located within easy reach, beneath his waistband. Although McCurdy may not
have displayed the gun during the commission of the drug trafficking offense or
announced its presence, we have determined that, under similar circumstances, a
reasonable jury could infer that a concealed firearm is carried in relation to a drug
crime and in violation of § 924(c). See
Tannenbaum, 148 F.3d at 1264. The jury
reasonably found that McCurdy carried the gun “in relation to” his heroin sales
pursuant to § 924(c), because the weapon had the potential of facilitating the
underlying drug offense. Accordingly, we affirm.
AFFIRMED.1
1
McCurdy’s request for oral argument is denied.
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