Case: 12-12748    Date Filed: 07/15/2013   Page: 1 of 6


                                                            [DO NOT PUBLISH]

               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                        FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                          ________________________

                                 No. 12-12748
                             Non-Argument Calendar
                           ________________________

                    D.C. Docket No. 2:10-cv-00288-JES-SPC

BRIAN HELM,

                                                                Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                      versus

CHARLIE LIEM,
In his official capacity as Interim
Secretary of Florida Department of
Business & Professional Regulation,
MAURA BOLIVAR,
In her individual capacity as Chief Attorney,
SERGIO GONZALEZ,
In his individual capacity as Regional
Program Administrator, et al.,

                                                            Defendants-Appellees.

                           ________________________

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Middle District of Florida
                         ________________________

                                  (July 15, 2013)
              Case: 12-12748     Date Filed: 07/15/2013   Page: 2 of 6


Before CARNES, BARKETT, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

      Brian Helm, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s dismissal with

prejudice of his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 civil rights complaint that he brought against 13

employees of the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (the

“DBPR”), the Florida Attorney General’s Office, and the Florida Board of

Accountancy in their individual capacities. On appeal, Helm argues that the

district court erred in finding that Charlie Liem, Maura Bolivar, Sergio Gonzalez,

Sandra Green, April Skilling, Jennifer Tschetter, Ned Luczynski, John

Washington, Thomas O’Bryant, Ron Russo, Veloria Kelly, Tim Vaccaro, and

Jerold Wilson (collectively, the “state employees”) were immune from suit under

the Eleventh Amendment as to all but one claim and, alternatively, that they were

entitled to qualified immunity on all claims. Helm further contends that the district

court erred in dismissing his complaint with prejudice.

      We review a district court’s dismissal for failure to state a claim based on

qualified immunity de novo. Cottone v. Jenne, 

, 1357 (11th Cir.

2003). We review a district court’s refusal to grant leave to amend for abuse of

discretion. SFM Holdings, Ltd. v. Banc of Am. Sec., LLC, 

, 1336

(11th Cir. 2010). Qualified immunity shields government officials from civil

liability when: (1) the government official was acting within the scope of his


                                          2
              Case: 12-12748     Date Filed: 07/15/2013    Page: 3 of 6


discretionary authority; and (2) the official’s conduct does not “violate clearly

established statutory or constitutional rights.” See Goebert v. Lee Cnty., 

, 1329 (11th Cir. 2007) (quotation omitted). As a threshold matter, to receive

qualified immunity, a public official must prove “that he was acting within the

scope of his discretionary authority when the allegedly wrongful acts occurred.”

Brown v. City of Huntsville, Ala., 

, 734 n.14 (11th Cir. 2010)

(quotation omitted). “The scope-of-authority inquiry is not whether it was within

the defendant’s authority to commit the allegedly illegal act.” Grider v. City of

Auburn, Ala., 

, 1262 n.33 (11th Cir. 2010) (quotations omitted).

Instead, we look “to the general nature of the defendant’s action, temporarily

putting aside the fact that it may have been committed for an unconstitutional

purpose, in an unconstitutional manner, to an unconstitutional extent, or under

constitutionally inappropriate circumstances.” 

a

government official “establishes that he was acting within his discretionary

authority, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show that qualified immunity is not

appropriate” by showing that a constitutional right was violated and that the

constitutional right was “clearly established.” Lee v. Ferraro, 

, 1194

(11th Cir. 2002).

      A plaintiff can show that a right was clearly established in several ways.

Mercado v. City of Orlando, 

, 1158-59 (11th Cir. 2005). “First, he


                                          3
                Case: 12-12748       Date Filed: 07/15/2013       Page: 4 of 6


can show that a materially similar case has already been decided . . . .” 

he can “show that a broader, clearly established principle should control

the novel facts in this situation.” 

show that the conduct so

obviously violates the constitution that prior case law is unnecessary. 

did not err in finding that the state employees were entitled

to qualified immunity. Helm maintains that the state employees deprived him of

his fundamental right to work as a laborer and enter contracts, a substantive due

process claim, and failed to provide him an adequate opportunity to contest the

notice to cease and desist, a procedural due process claim. But the right to work in

a specific profession is not a fundamental right. Cf. Mass. Bd. of Retirement v.

Murgia, 

, 313, 

, 2566-67, 

(1976).

Helm’s argument also hinges on the repudiated notion of substantive economic due

process.1 See Stop the Beach Renourishment, Inc. v. Fla. Dep’t of Envtl. Prot., 560

U.S. ___, ___, 

, 2606, 

(2010) (noting that the

Supreme Court has held “for many years . . . that the liberties protected by

Substantive Due Process do not include economic liberties” (quotation omitted)).

       Helm also was not deprived of procedural due process because he had the

opportunity to contest the notice to cease and desist at his misdemeanor criminal
       1
          Helm also appears to misread to word “contracting” in the notice to cease and desist as
preventing him from entering into all contracts. To the extent that this is his argument, the
notice to cease and desist clearly informed Helm to cease the practice of contracting without a
license because it is a violation of Florida law to practice as a “Certified General Contractor”
without a license, and in no way prohibited Helm from entering into all contracts.
                                               4
              Case: 12-12748     Date Filed: 07/15/2013   Page: 5 of 6


trial where he was convicted for contracting without a license, and the notice itself

provides that should the DBPR seek to enforce the notice it will do so through

proceedings in court.

      We have held that a district court need not allow an amendment “(1) where

there has been undue delay, bad faith, dilatory motive, or repeated failure to cure

deficiencies by amendments previously allowed; (2) where allowing amendment

would cause undue prejudice to the opposing party; or (3) where amendment

would be futile.” Bryant v. Dupree, 

, 1163 (11th Cir. 2001).

      The district court also did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Helm’s

complaint with prejudice because he repeatedly failed to cure the deficiencies in

his complaint, and allowing him further attempts to amend would be futile. See

.

      Because we hold that the district court properly dismissed Helm’s complaint

with prejudice based on qualified immunity, we decline to address whether the

state employees were also entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity. See United

States v. Al-Arian, 

, 1189 (11th Cir. 2008) (holding that “we may

affirm for any reason supported by the record” (quotation omitted)); see also

GeorgiaCarry.Org, Inc. v. Georgia, 

, 1251 n.13 (11th Cir. 2012),

cert denied, 

(2013) (declining to address the Eleventh Amendment




                                          5
              Case: 12-12748     Date Filed: 07/15/2013   Page: 6 of 6


issue because none of the plaintiff’s counts stated a claim to relief). Accordingly,

we affirm.

      AFFIRMED.




                                          6