Case: 12-15609   Date Filed: 08/20/2013   Page: 1 of 3


                                                           [DO NOT PUBLISH]


               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                       FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                          ____________________

                                No. 12-15609
                            Non-Argument Calendar
                            ____________________

                      D.C. Docket No. 2:10-cv-03291-AKK


JUSTIN LEE FLYNN,

                                                        Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                     versus

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                        Defendant-Appellee.

                       _____________________________

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Northern District of Alabama
                    ______________________________

                                (August 20, 2013)

Before TJOFLAT, MARTIN, and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

      Justin Flynn sued the United States under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28

U.S.C. §§ 1346(b), 2671-80, to recover damages for injuries he sustained in a 2009
               Case: 12-15609      Date Filed: 08/20/2013     Page: 2 of 3


automobile accident in Hoover, Alabama. According to Mr. Flynn, the negligence

of several agents from Immigration and Customs Enforcement – including Michael

Nelson and Stephen Wojcik – caused the accident. The district court, following a

bench trial, found that there was no negligence on the part of Agents Nelson and

Wojcik, and that even if there was, Mr. Flynn’s own contributory negligence

barred recovery under Alabama law. 1

       Mr. Flynn now appeals, arguing that certain of the district court’s factual

findings on the issue of negligence were clearly erroneous. Following review of

the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm.

       Findings of fact cannot be set aside unless they are clearly erroneous. See

Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a)(6). As a reviewing court, we do not reweigh the evidence,

and we cannot reverse simply because we might have decided the case differently.

If there are two permissible views of the evidence, the district court’s choice

between them does not constitute clear error. See Anderson v. City of Bessemer,

, 573-74 (1985); Solomon v. Liberty County Commissioners, 

, 1226-27 (11th Cir. 2000).

       The district court did not clearly err in finding that Mr. Flynn was

contributorily negligent. Mr. Flynn alleged that he was forced to swerve to his left


1
  Alabama law, which controls in this FTCA case, see § 1346(b)(1), generally provides
that a party cannot recover if his own negligence proximately caused the injury. See
generally La Forge North America v. Nord, 

, 336 (Ala. 2011).
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– and as a result crashed into the back of the vehicle driven by Agent Nelson –

when Agent Wojcik tried to enter his lane from the right. Even if Agent Wojcik

acted negligently in attempting to change lanes, the district court found that Mr.

Flynn contributed to the accident because he was speeding and did not attempt to

apply his brakes after he was forced to swerve. Both of these subsidiary factual

findings are supported by the evidence. First, one of the eye witnesses testified

that, in his estimation, Mr. Flynn was driving 50-55 miles per hour, or 5-10 miles

above the speed limit. See Tr. Transcript at 212. Second, Mr. Flynn did not

remember braking or reducing his speed after swerving, and there were no tire

marks on the road indicating that Mr. Flynn had applied the brakes. See 

98. Third, the police officer who investigated the accident – an officer who

was a certified in accident reconstruction – determined that Mr. Flynn was not in

control of his vehicle and was at fault for the collision. See 

       In sum, there is no basis for disturbing the district court’s factual findings or

judgment. 2

       AFFIRMED.




2
  Mr. Flynn also argues that the district court erred in finding that the “sudden
emergency” doctrine did not apply. Because that doctrine does not help a driver who has
lost control of his car and rear-ended a stationary vehicle, see Freidlander v. Hall, 514,
So.2d 914, 915 (Ala. 1987), we reject this argument given the district court’s findings.
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