Case: 13-12236   Date Filed: 01/02/2014   Page: 1 of 11


                                                         [DO NOT PUBLISH]



            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                       ________________________

                             No. 13-12236
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                   D.C. Docket No. 1:09-cv-20089-DLG



ROSA H. PRINCE,

                                                            Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                  versus

COMMISSIONER, SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,

                                                           Defendant-Appellee.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Southern District of Florida
                      ________________________

                             (January 2, 2014)

Before WILSON, ANDERSON and DUBINA, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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      Appellant Rosa Prince appeals the district court’s order affirming the

Commissioner of Social Security Administration’s denial of disability insurance

benefits order 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). On appeal, Prince argues that the

Administrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ”) finding that her impairments did not meet or

equal an impairment included in the Listing of Impairments is not supported by

substantial evidence because her coronary artery disease met Listing 4.04C. She

also argues that the ALJ failed to develop the record and erred in not seeking

testimony from a medical expert. After reviewing the record and reading the

parties’ briefs, we affirm.

                                         I.

      We review the ALJ’s decision for substantial evidence, but its application of

legal principles de novo. Moore v. Barnhart, 

, 1211 (11th Cir.

2005). “Substantial evidence is less than a preponderance, but rather such relevant

evidence as a reasonable person would accept as adequate to support a

conclusion.” 

not “decid[e] the facts anew, mak[e] credibility

determinations, or re-weigh[] the evidence.” 

Appeals Council denies

review of the ALJ’s decision, we review the ALJ’s decision as the Commissioner’s

final decision. Doughty v. Apfel, 

, 1278 (11th Cir. 2001).

      In order to be eligible for disability insurance benefits, a claimant must show

that he became disabled on or before the date he was last insured. Moore, 

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at 1211; see also 42 U.S.C. § 423(a)(1)(A). To determine whether a claimant is

disabled, the reviewing authority follows a five-step process outlined in the Social

Security Regulations. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4). The claimant bears the burden

of proving that he is disabled. 

Under the first step, the claimant

has the burden to show that he is not currently engaged in substantial gainful

activity. See 20 C.F.R § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). At the second step, the claimant must

show that he has a severe impairment. See 

The

regulations define a severe impairment as an “impairment or combination of

impairments which significantly limit[] [the claimant’s] physical or mental ability

to do basic work activities.” 

Third, the claimant has the

opportunity to show that the impairment meets or equals the criteria contained in

one of the Listings of Impairments. See 

At the fourth

step, if the claimant cannot meet or equal the criteria in one of the Listings, the

ALJ considers the claimant’s residual functional capacity and the claimant’s past

relevant work to determine if he has an impairment that prevents him from

performing his past relevant work. See 

Finally, once a

claimant establishes that he cannot perform his past relevant work due to some

severe impairment, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to show that significant

numbers of jobs exist in the national economy which the claimant can perform.

See 

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      The claimant bears the burden of demonstrating that an impairment meets or

equals a listed impairment. Barron v. Sullivan, 

, 229 (11th Cir. 1991).

To meet a Listing, a claimant must have a diagnosis included in the Listings and

must provide medical reports documenting that the conditions meet the specific

criteria of the Listings and the duration requirement. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512(a)-(d);

Wilson v. Barnhart, 

, 1224 (11th Cir. 2002). An impairment that

meets only some of the Listing requirements, no matter how severe, does not

qualify. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.925(c)(3)(noting that impairment must meet all of the

criteria of that Listing). The ALJ’s finding as to whether a claimant does or does

not meet a listed impairment may be implied from the record. Hutchison v. Bowen,

, 1463 (11th Cir. 1986) (holding that the ALJ implicitly found that

the claimant did not meet a Listing because it was clear from the record that the

ALJ had considered the relevant law and evidence). Furthermore, while the ALJ

must consider the Listings in making its disability determination, “it is not required

that the [ALJ] mechanically recite the evidence leading to her determination.” 

for ischemic heart disease is described as symptoms due to

myocardial ischemia, while on prescription medication, with one of the following,

including but not limited to:

      Coronary artery disease, demonstrated by angiography (obtained
      independent of Social Security disability evaluation) or other
      appropriate medically acceptable imaging, and in the absence of a
      timely exercise tolerance test or a timely normal drug-induced stress
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      test, an MC, preferably one experienced in the care of patients with
      cardiovascular disease, has concluded that performance of exercise
      tolerance testing would present a significant risk to the individual,
      with both 1 and 2:

      1.     Angiographic evidence showing:

           a. 50 percent or more narrowing of a nonbypassed left main
           coronary artery; or

           b. 70 percent or more narrowing of another nonbypassed coronary
           artery; or

           c. 50 percent or more narrowing involving a long (greater than 1
           cm) segment of a nonbypassed coronary artery; or

           d. 50 percent or more narrowing of at least two nonbypassed
           coronary arteries; or

           e. 70 percent or more narrowing of a bypass graft vessel; and

      2.    Resulting in very serious limitations in the ability to
      independently initiate, sustain, or complete activities of daily living.

20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1, § 4.04C. Ischemic heart disease results when

“one of more . . . coronary arteries is narrowed or obstructed or, in rare situations,

constricted due to vasospasm, interfering with the normal flow of blood to your

heart muscle.” See 

The term nonbypassed means “the blockage is in

a vessel that is potentially bypassable . . . large enough to be bypassed and

considered to be the cause of [] ischemia.” See 

      “[T]he testimony of a treating physician must be given substantial or

considerable weight unless ‘good cause’ is shown to the contrary.” Lewis v.


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Callahan, 

, 1440 (11th Cir. 1997). The ALJ is required to give

specific reasons for according less weight to a treating physician’s opinion. 

for giving less weight to a treating physician’s opinion exists where

the physician’s opinions were conclusory or inconsistent with their own medical

records. 

must “articulate specific reasons for questioning the claimant’s

credibility” if subjective pain testimony is “critical” to the claim. Marbury v.

Sullivan, 

, 839 (11th Cir. 1992). “A clearly articulated credibility

finding with substantial supporting evidence in the record will not be disturbed by

a reviewing court.” Foote v. Chater, 

, 1562 (11th Cir. 1995).

                                          II.

      We conclude from the record that substantial evidence supports the agency’s

implicit conclusion that Prince’s impairment or combination of impairments did

not meet or equal Listing 4.04C. Prince’s cardiac catheterization on January 1,

2005, showed a total occlusion of her circumflex artery. Prince argues that this

alone shows that she meets the first prong of Listing 4.04C because it shows “70

percent or more narrowing of another nonbypassed coronary artery.” However,

this is inconsistent with Dr. Vignola’s letter dated April 28, 2005, in which he

stated that “[n]on-critical disease was seen in the circumflex.” Moreover, doctors

never placed a stent in Prince’s circumflex artery, despite noting it, and they also


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reported that after stents were placed in other coronary arteries, imaging indicated

myocardial ischemia was unlikely, which is consistent with the circumflex

occlusion not qualifying as “nonbypassed.” See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App.

1, § 4.00E9h.

      Nevertheless, even if Prince met the first prong of Listing 4.04C, the ALJ

concluded that Prince did not meet the second prong because her testimony

regarding the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of her impairments was not

credible and she did not have serious limitations on her daily life activities. The

ALJ articulated specific reasons for this credibility finding, including that:

(1) Prince’s alleged disabling symptoms were contradicted by her own testimony

regarding her wide range of daily activities; (2) private investigators in the 2005

Aetna investigation observed Prince traveling to stores, driving and fueling her

vehicle, walking around parking lots, and offering to show rental properties; and

(3) the medical evidence overall showed “no abnormalities,” “very good results,”

“normal gait” and “mild to moderate” dysfunction. The ALJ further found that

Prince made “deliberate misrepresentations,” which were “apparently motivated by

secondary gain.”

      The ALJ’s reasons were supported by substantial evidence because among

other things: (1) the March 2005 thalium stress test results were normal; (2) her

cardiologist Dr. Vignola’s letter dated April 28, 2005, noted “[n]on-critical


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disease” in Prince’s circumflex artery; (3) at her May 2005 follow-up Prince

denied “shortness of breath, chest pain or palpitations”; (4) cardiologist Dr. Lamas

reported that Prince “is free of angina” and that Prince’s new left upper chest pain

was exercise-related; (5) Dr. Lamas’s letter dated June 22, 2005, indicated that

Prince’s “angina remain[ed] resolved”; (6) an August 2005 stress test showed that

myocardial ischemia was unlikely; (7) Prince testified that she drove

approximately two miles per day to her daughter’s school and to doctor’s

appointments, and that she did basic chores such as making beds; and (8) a 2005

insurance investigation of Prince over a three day non-consecutive period showed

that Prince drove to the store, pumped gas, moved in an agile manner, walked

across parking lots, talked on the phone while driving, and offered to show a rental

property. Therefore, because the ALJ clearly articulated reasons for its credibility

finding, and those reasons were supported by substantial evidence, we will not

disturb that finding. See 

.

      The ALJ gave significant weight to the state agency physician’s RFC

assessment, which noted that Prince could do a wide range of activity, as well as a

report that stated that Prince “denies shortness of breath, chest pain or palpitations”

and noted that she had “angina pectoris, no diabetic complications” and “benign

hypertension.” Contrary to Prince’s assertions, the ALJ properly considered the




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opinions of Prince’s treating physicians and gave reasons for according less weight

to those opinions.

      To the extent Prince argues that the ALJ failed to make detailed findings or

explicitly discuss whether her impairments met or equaled Listing 4.04C, this

argument is meritless. The ALJ’s conclusion that Prince did not meet that specific

listing can be implied from the ALJ’s discussion of Prince’s medical evidence

relating to her coronary artery disease and his general conclusion that Prince did

not meet any medical listing. See 

(noting that the

ALJ does not need to mechanically recite all the evidence in the record that

supports a conclusion).

      Based on the record as a whole, including the testimony and medical

evidence described above, we conclude that substantial evidence supports the

ALJ’s finding that Prince was able to perform a wide range of daily activities

independently, with an ability to perform light exertion at the very minimum and

did not have an impairment that met or equaled one contained in the Listings. See

20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P, App. 1, § 4.04C2.

                                         III.

      The ALJ has the duty to develop the record fully and fairly. Wilson v. Apfel,

, 1278 (11th Cir. 1999). The ALJ must inquire into all relevant




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facts, even in cases where the claimant is represented by an attorney. Cowart v.

Schweiker, 

, 735 (11th Cir. 1981).

      An ALJ is not required to seek the independent testimony of a medical

expert where the record is sufficient to determine whether the claimant is disabled

and additional medical expert testimony would be unnecessary. 

(noting that the ALJ did not err in failing to obtain medical expert

testimony because the record included opinions from several doctors, including the

claimant’s treating physician). Treating physicians should be re-contacted when

the evidence from that physician is insufficient to determine whether the claimant

is disabled. Cf. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512(e). To determine whether remand is

necessary, this Court must decide “whether the record reveals evidentiary gaps

which result in unfairness or clear prejudice.” Brown v. Shalala, 

, 935

(11th Cir. 1995) (internal quotation marks omitted).

      The record was sufficiently developed for the ALJ to make a full and fair

decision regarding Prince’s disability benefits claim. The ALJ considered the 800-

page record, which included various opinions and documents from Prince’s

treating physicians, Prince’s testimony, and the medical opinion evidence.

Because the record was replete with opinions from several doctors, including

Prince’s treating physicians, the record was sufficient to determine whether Prince

was disabled, and any additional medical expert testimony would have been


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unnecessary. See 

. To the extent that Prince argues that

the ALJ erred by failing to re-contact her treating physicians regarding their RFC

assessments, this argument is unavailing because the record was sufficient to

determine whether Prince was disabled. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512(e). Moreover,

Prince has not demonstrated any evidentiary gaps that resulted in unfairness or

clear prejudice. See 

. Accordingly, the ALJ did not err by

not seeking independent medical evidence or by not re-contacting Prince’s treating

physicians. Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s order affirming the

Commissioner’s denial of disability income benefits.

      AFFIRMED.




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